Thyroid tumors mainly include benign thyroid tumors and malignant tumors, among which thyroid adenoma is the most common benign thyroid tumor, while thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor among endocrine system and head and neck tumors. The process of thyroid tumor occurrence and development is still not fully understood and may be related to the following factors: 1. Oncogenes. The occurrence and growth of thyroid gland is a series of complex biological processes, which are influenced by different oncogenes and multiple growth factors. Studies have shown that mutated forms of oncogenes such as H-ras have been found in a variety of thyroid tumors. 2.Ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation has been shown to be an important pathogenic factor for thyroid tumors, especially in children. According to relevant studies, radiation can increase the risk of thyroid cancer in adolescents and children. 3. Abnormal iodine intake. The relationship between iodine deficiency and thyroid cancer has been recognized. For example, in iodine-deficient areas, the incidence of follicular thyroid tumors increases; while in areas with excessive iodine intake, papillary thyroid cancer is more likely to occur. 4. Genetic factors. The occurrence of thyroid tumor may be related to genetic factors, which is more prominent in patients with medullary malignant thyroid tumor. 5.Some other thyroid proliferative diseases. For example, adenomatous goiter and hyperfunctioning goiter, about 5% and 2% of them are combined with thyroid cancer respectively, and thyroid adenoma growing for many years may occasionally become cancerous. As mentioned above, the occurrence of thyroid tumors is related to a variety of factors. It is also necessary to avoid ionizing radiation in daily life, especially for teenagers and children.