Thyroid nodules are common, and it is difficult to distinguish between benign and malignant nodules based on external symptoms alone. The common test is ultrasound of the thyroid gland, which shows that benign nodules have a regular shape, intact envelope, uniform internal structure, clear demarcation with surrounding tissues, and a soft texture, while malignant nodules have an irregular shape, incomplete envelope, close adhesion with surrounding tissues, confusing internal structure, hard texture, and poor elasticity. In addition to changes in the node itself, the lymph nodes around the node may be enlarged, and the lymph nodes also show the condition of metastases with similar morphology and structure to the primary lesion. In terms of hematologic examination, malignant nodules may show elevated tumor markers, while liver and kidney function may not be particularly different. For other items of examination, malignant nodules may have nearby and distant metastases, which may be detected by chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasound, etc. In conclusion, the discovery of neck nodules or masses must not be ignored, and timely medical examination should be conducted to first clarify the specific lesions.