The phrase “moderate alcohol consumption is good for your health” is not only often emphasized in alcohol marketing, but is also frequently mentioned by many in the medical, nutrition and science communities – and they can really lay out a lot of scientific research literature to support this claim. With so many “scientific studies”, is this claim really true? This claim originated roughly in 1991. In an American television program, someone proposed a “French paradox” – the French people’s diet, exercise and other lifestyle is not much health, but their cardiovascular morbidity rate is not high. The program gave an explanation: the French drink a lot of wine, wine may be beneficial to cardiovascular health. This conjecture is very “health master model”, but the reasoning is not reliable can only show that it is not sufficient reason, but does not negate it. In order to explain the “French paradox”, scientists in various countries have conducted a large number of studies, a total of more than a million people have been investigated, the longest time up to one or two decades. In the field of epidemiological surveys, this can be counted as one of the most data-rich studies. The results show that this conjecture is not far from the truth. In these studies, scientists compared the incidence of cardiovascular disease and the mortality it causes with the amount of alcohol consumed and found that both were lower in the “moderate drinkers” than in those who did not drink at all. Of course, the two were higher among those who drank more. And it wasn’t just wine, but beer and liquor had similar results. Of course, as an epidemiological survey, there are often other “confounding factors” that can influence the results. For example, regular wine drinkers tend to have higher incomes and therefore better medical conditions. The presence or absence of alcohol may be accompanied by other lifestyle factors, such as vegetables, fruits, exercise, etc. In large surveys, statistical tools can be used to remove the effects of these factors and to obtain as much information as possible about the effect of “moderate alcohol consumption” on cardiovascular health. The general conclusion is that the positive effect of “moderate drinking” on cardiovascular health is reduced, but not completely eliminated, after removing the confounding factors that scientists can think of. In other words, the incidence of cardiovascular disease and the mortality caused by it is still lower in people who drink a little bit of alcohol every day than in those who do not drink. To explain this phenomenon, several hypotheses have been proposed. One of the better known ones is the antioxidants in wine such as resveratrol. However, animal tests have also found that in order to drink wine to achieve the dose of resveratrol to work, people would first be burnt out. Another well-known hypothesis is that alcohol helps increase “good cholesterol” in the blood, and that increased good cholesterol helps reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. There is some experimental evidence that seems to support this hypothesis, and there is more agreement that “moderate alcohol consumption is good for cardiovascular health”. However, cardiovascular disease is not the only health risk factor, but does “moderate alcohol consumption” have an effect on other health factors as well? There have been many studies on other effects. In 2004, Italian scholars published a meta-analysis of epidemiological investigations of alcohol consumption and 14 diseases and injuries, including tumors, published over the past three decades. This meta-analysis found several hundred studies in the scientific literature data, 156 of which were of high quality and were pooled for statistical analysis, involving a total of more than 116,000 people. In these studies, the relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed and cardiovascular disease was in good agreement with the usual results: the incidence of coronary heart disease was about 20% lower in people who drank 20 grams of alcohol per day compared to non-drinkers. However, this was the only reduction in the incidence of disease with “appropriate alcohol consumption”. Among other diseases, even the “moderate” amount of 25 grams of alcohol per day leads to a significant increase in the risk of many diseases, such as an 82% increase in the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancers, a 39% increase in esophageal cancer, a 43% increase in laryngeal cancer, a 25% increase in breast cancer, a 43% increase in primary hypertension, a 1.9-fold increase in cirrhosis of the liver, and a 34% increase in chronic pancreatitis. chronic pancreatitis by 34%. Other cancers of the colon, rectum, and liver also showed small increases. If more alcohol is consumed, then the risk of these diseases increases significantly. For example, if you drink 50 grams of alcohol per day (roughly equivalent to 2 taels of 50-proof white wine), then there is a 2.1-fold increase in the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer, about double the risk of esophageal cancer, laryngeal cancer, and primary hypertension, a 55% increase in breast cancer, a 6.1-fold increase in cirrhosis of the liver, a 78% increase in chronic pancreatitis, an 82% increase in hemorrhagic stroke, and a 40% increase in liver cancer. Studies of alcohol consumption and risk of other diseases are more limited than studies of alcohol consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease. Although the number of people involved in this meta-analysis exceeded 110,000, the number of studies and the number of people involved were not large for many diseases. This makes the conclusions more representative, and many of the studies may be valid only for specific regions and populations. However, this meta-study gives us two important messages: first, the health effects of alcohol consumption are multifaceted and should not be considered only for cardiovascular disease – although alcohol marketing likes to promote this; second, no “safety threshold” was found for the effect of alcohol consumption on cancer risk – that is, a “safety threshold” exists. Second, no “safety threshold” has been found for the effect of alcohol consumption on cancer risk-that is, as long as one drinks, there will be an increased risk.