In clinical work, there are often patients with liver disease of unknown etiology and recurrent abnormal liver function, which are difficult to diagnose clearly and treat accordingly, causing great confusion to clinicians and serious psychological and economic burden to patients. Patients with this condition should be highly alerted to autoimmune hepatitis if they are not clearly diagnosed even after completing relevant tests and excluding liver damage caused by bacteria, viruses, drugs, alcohol, parasites, and metabolic factors. Autoimmune hepatitis is a special type of “chronic hepatitis” and is associated with autoimmune reactions. It is characterized by the following: 1. female patients are predominantly affected; 2. clinical manifestations are similar to those of “chronic hepatitis”, with some symptoms resembling “systemic lupus erythematosus”; 3. autoimmune antibodies are present; 4. hepatitis virus markers are negative; 5. serum globulins, especially gamma-globulins, are elevated; 6. the serum is high. 5. increased serum globulins, especially gamma-globulins; 6. prone to recurrent attacks. Mechanisms: The body’s cells can also “fight in the same room” The organs that perform immune functions are called immune organs, which consist of the body’s thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes and immune cells. Immune cells, including neutrophils and lymphocytes, are the ones who carry out the tasks. If for some reason immune cells lose their minds, turn black and white, and make a distinction between the enemy and the self, they see their own tissues as the enemy and destroy them brutally, which is called autoimmunity. Autoimmune hepatitis occurs when the body’s tissues are damaged by self-injury and become inflamed and necrotic. Therefore, autoimmune hepatitis means that the unarmed liver cells are somehow wrecked from the sky and are hunted by autoimmune cells one after another, and some die and some are injured, and the patient then develops hepatitis and cirrhosis. Onset: often immobile The manifestations of autoimmune hepatitis are very similar to viral hepatitis, the first is abnormal liver function and rising transaminases, the second is the possibility of jaundice, and then it can lead to cirrhosis and symptoms such as ascites, so it is often confused with viral hepatitis. However, compared to viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis has its own personality. For one thing, it’s a little “horny,” with a penchant for young women between the ages of 15 and 40. According to statistics, more than 80 percent of the disease is in young women. Therefore, when a young woman has elevated transaminases and no common cause of hepatitis is found, the disease should be highly suspected. Secondly, autoimmune hepatitis is well disguised and unobtrusive, it eats up liver cells in an unobtrusive manner and is difficult for the patient to detect. The onset of the disease is usually slow, the patient feels weak at the beginning, the test is an elevated transaminase, and at a certain stage of development there will be jaundice, at which time it may be found to have developed into severe hepatitis or even cirrhosis, and the treatment is mostly too late. Third, in terms of symptoms, the nature of the disease is its own people hitting their own people. The liver bears the brunt of the disease, but other organs are also affected because immune cells are chopping and killing. Therefore, autoimmune hepatitis is often accompanied by other pathologies such as arthritis, colitis, nephritis, myocarditis, dermatomyositis, dry syndrome, etc. These pathologies are medically known as extrahepatic manifestations. Therefore, experienced doctors will find clues from the extrahepatic manifestations and follow the trail to detect autoimmune hepatitis. Treatment: Hormones are the first choice In addition to certain clues from extrahepatic manifestations, doctors have also found that autoantibodies are responsible for the disease killing their “compatriots”. Currently, testing for autoantibodies such as anti-nuclear, anti-smooth muscle, anti-mitochondrial, and anti-hepatocyte membrane antibodies has become an important tool for diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis. In order to save the hepatocytes, it is necessary to tie the hands and feet of these immune cells and then “brainwash” them, solving again the primary problem of “who is the enemy and who is the friend”. In this regard, hormones, the immunosuppressant, are the best choice. When doctors give hormones, most of these immune cells can change their minds and stop committing crimes, and the patient can expect significant improvement. There are some side effects in the process of hormone treatment, and patients may develop a full moon face and buffalo waist after using hormones – the face is as fat as the 15th moon, and the waist is as fat as a buffalo – but when the disease is under control, then gradually reduce the hormones, the disease can be stabilized and the appearance can be restored to that of a normal person. But after the disease is controlled, the hormones can be gradually reduced, so that the disease can be stabilized and the appearance can be restored to normal. Prevention: Difficult to prevent but controllable Regarding the prevention of the disease, to be honest, it is difficult to clearly develop a practical prevention program because autoimmune hepatitis and genetic factors are closely related. The disease is difficult to prevent but can be controlled, so early detection and treatment is more important. Any young patient with liver disease should be suspected of having autoimmune liver disease, especially in the absence of risk factors such as alcohol, drugs, and changes in viral pathogenesis. Although there is no single clinical test for autoimmune hepatitis (e.g. autoantibodies, liver biopsy pathology, etc.) that can confirm the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis, and the above autoantibodies may be detected in patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis, drug-related hepatitis, and some metabolic diseases or tumors, and there are some patients with autoantibody-negative autoimmune hepatitis. However, for patients with unexplained recurrent liver function abnormalities, regular monitoring of autoantibodies and liver biopsy pathology can help to diagnose and treat autoimmune hepatitis early, thus improving the survival rate and quality of life of patients.