Recommendation 1: Multiple evidence suggests that liver inflammation is seen in almost all causes of liver disease (I). Recommendation 2: At present, the number of patients with liver inflammation caused by various causes is huge in China, still mainly viral hepatitis, but the incidence (detection rate) of drug-related hepatitis, alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and autoimmune liver disease is significantly increasing (Ⅰ). Luo Guoqing, Department of Hepatology, Wenling City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Recommendation 3: Liver inflammation and its resulting liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure are the main pathophysiological and pathohistological basis for the progression of liver diseases (Ⅰ). Recommendation 4: The extent of inflammatory liver damage should be assessed by comprehensive ancillary tests. Elevated serum ALT is a common indicator of inflammatory liver damage, but the upper limit of normal (ULN) value of serum ALT is still controversial. Clinicians are advised to differentiate them according to different conditions and ages (I). Recommendation 5: Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective therapy is part of the comprehensive treatment of liver inflammation and does not replace etiologic therapy such as antiviral therapy; conversely, etiologic therapy such as antiviral therapy cannot completely replace anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective therapy (Ⅰ). Recommendation 6: For liver inflammation, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective therapy is necessary regardless of the existence of effective etiologic therapy (III). For some patients who lack effective etiologic therapy or are temporarily unable to undergo etiologic therapy, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective therapy (I) should be considered. Recommendation 7: Although antiviral therapy is extremely important for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC), it does not adequately and directly control the inflammatory response of the liver, including ALT elevation, so anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective therapy should be given at the same time (Ⅰ). Recommendation 8: The pharmacological effects of anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs have their own characteristics, and should be selected appropriately with the characteristics of various liver inflammation and the pharmacological properties of different drugs (Ⅱ). Recommendation 9: The functional characteristics of different anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs are different and deserve further study. The combination of different anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs may have a more desirable anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effect, including the combination of anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective drugs (glycopyrrolate agents, etc.) and non-anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective drugs, such as: hepatocyte membrane stabilizers (polyenyl phosphatidylcholine, etc.) (III). Recommendation 10: For all types of acute and chronic liver inflammation with significantly elevated serum ALT levels or significant inflammatory necrosis in liver histology, appropriate anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective therapy should be given along with timely etiologic treatment (I). In chronic hepatitis B (CHB), for example, if the serum ALT is ≥ 2 times ULN, or the presence of significant inflammation (grading ≥ G2) is confirmed by pathological histology, anti-inflammatory liver-protective therapy should be given (I). Recommendation 11: The number of anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs used at the same time should not be too many, usually one to two anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs are used, and the maximum number is usually not more than three to avoid increasing the burden on the liver; and the combination of drugs with the same or similar main components is usually not recommended. Pay attention to regular follow-up monitoring during drug use and timely adjustment of treatment regimen (III). Recommendation 12: For chronic HBV infected patients, premature anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective therapy is not recommended when serum ALT is elevated for the first time, in order to accurately determine whether they are entering the immune clearance phase and to administer antiviral therapy (III). Recommendation 13: For chronic HCV infection, as long as the serum HCV RNA is positive and there is no contraindication to antiviral therapy, standardized antiviral therapy should be given. Among them, patients with elevated serum ALT or liver histology showing significant inflammation should be given appropriate anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective therapy (III). Recommendation 14: Prophylactic application of anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs (I) is usually recommended in the treatment of various therapies that are likely to cause drug-induced injury (DILI), including anti-tuberculosis drugs and anti-tumor drugs. Recommendation 15: The course of medication should be determined according to different etiologies and conditions, and attention should be paid to gradual reduction and maintenance treatment, followed by slow discontinuation of medication to avoid recurrence of the disease (Ⅲ). Recommendation 16: Proper rest, reasonable diet, good lifestyle, control or avoid stimulation of various liver damaging factors, regular physical examination and detection of changes in liver conditions, the above measures are important for the prevention and treatment of various types of liver inflammation (Ⅲ).