Cerebral atrophy does not necessarily lead to dementia. Cerebral atrophy is an imaging term for a decrease in the overall area of the cerebral cortex or cerebellar cortex and a loss of neurons, but dementia is a decrease in cognitive function. If a patient with cerebral atrophy has a long disease duration, severe cerebral atrophy will cause more serious neuronal loss, and the patient will have cognitive decompensation and even dementia symptoms, but if the cerebellum is atrophied, when the cerebellum is more severely atrophied, it will often cause symptoms such as ataxia and unfavorable limb movement, so cerebral atrophy will not necessarily cause dementia symptoms. Whether a patient has dementia or not is mainly related to the degree of atrophy and the site of atrophy. If a patient has atrophy in the hippocampus, then atrophy in this area is the most significant structural change in the pathology of dementia, or Alzheimer’s disease. Such patients are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease than patients with cortical or cerebellar atrophy. When hippocampal atrophy is detected at an early stage, such patients should do regular follow-up visits to the hospital and carry out early prevention under the guidance of their doctors in order to mitigate the development of the dementia course.