Cerebral atrophy is a type of neuropsychiatric disorder that results in atrophy of the brain tissue itself due to organic lesions from various causes. It is most common in the elderly. The main clinical manifestation of cerebral atrophy is dementia, especially in the elderly, which can lead to Alzheimer’s disease. The disease is multi-causal. It is caused by genetics, cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral infarction, cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, cerebral hemorrhage, long-term seizures, cerebral trauma, excessive smoking and alcohol, malnutrition, gas poisoning, alcohol poisoning, etc., which cause the destruction of brain parenchyma and the atrophy and deformation of nerve cells, the most important causative factor is the long-term chronic ischemia of cerebral blood vessels. As the deformation capacity of red blood cells decreases in the elderly, the effective blood perfusion of microvessels is insufficient, brain tissue is in a state of chronic ischemia and hypoxia, and the morphology and function of brain cells will definitely be affected, i.e., brain atrophy is formed. Dyslipidemia and hypertension are found to be significant white matter atrophy, atherosclerosis and hypertensive small arteriosclerosis have a role in the formation of senile cerebral atrophy. The cerebral cortex is mainly supplied with blood by large vascular branches in the brain, and there is a rich capillary network in the cortical area, when the deformability of red blood cells decreases, the amount of red blood cells passing through capillaries decreases and cannot deliver enough oxygen to meet the metabolic needs of cortical neurons, that is, cortical atrophy occurs. cortical atrophy occurs. The white matter of the brain is mainly supplied with blood by small and medium-sized arteries, and hypertensive patients are prone to hyaline degeneration of small arteries, fibrinoid necrosis and sclerosis, resulting in thickening of the walls of small arteries, decreased elasticity, increased vascular resistance, and insufficient perfusion of blood, and hyperlipidemia exacerbates the formation of atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is believed that hypertension and hyperlipidemia may be a cause of cerebral white matter atrophy. The lesions are seen as flattening of the cerebral gyrus, widening of the cerebral sulcus, enlargement of the ventricular brain pool, and reduction in brain weight. Cortical atrophy is mostly seen, but brainstem and cerebellar atrophy may also be present, and can be classified as limited or diffuse brain atrophy depending on the location and extent of involvement. The condition can be investigated by cranial MRI and cranial MRA, EEG.