Cervical cancer, or cervical cancer for short, is one of the most common malignancies in women. It is well established that the majority of cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus high-risk (HPV-HR) infection, most notably high-risk HPV types 16 and 18. In addition, factors such as multiple sexual partners, smoking, early sexual intercourse (<16 years old), early childbirth, multiple births, sexually transmitted diseases, low economic status, and immunosuppression are also high-risk factors for cervical cancer. Cervical cancer originates from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) caused by HPV infection. If CIN continues to develop without treatment, the lesion cells will break through the subepithelial basement membrane and infiltrate the cervical mesenchyme, which can then metastasize to other organs through the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the mesenchyme and become cervical invasive cancer, which is commonly known as cervical cancer. Cervical cancer occurs at the intersection of columnar and squamous epithelium at the location of the ectocervix, also known as the transformation zone and migratory zone. The most common histological type is squamous cell invasive carcinoma (squamous carcinoma), which accounts for 75-80% of cervical cancers, followed by adenocarcinoma, which accounts for 20-25%. Early cervical cancer often has no obvious symptoms and signs, and with the development of lesions, it often manifests as vaginal contact bleeding, such as bleeding after intercourse; it may also manifest as irregular vaginal bleeding, or prolonged menstruation and increased menstrual flow; in elderly patients, it is often irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause. For diagnosis, the "three-step" procedure of cervical cytology combined with high-risk HPVDNA test, colposcopy and cervical biopsy is used in early cases. The general principle of treatment is early surgical treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In late stage, patients who have lost the chance of surgery should adopt comprehensive treatment with radiotherapy as the main treatment and chemotherapy as the supplement, and the specific treatment plan should be individualized according to the patient's condition, personal requirements, financial ability and medical level. Cervical cancer is a preventable tumor with clear etiology and better screening methods. Nowadays, due to the wide application of cervical cytological screening (e.g. TCT), cervical cancer and precancerous lesions can be detected and treated early, and the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer have decreased significantly compared with before. In addition, the birth of the HPV vaccine and its widespread use worldwide in recent years have also been of great significance in the prevention of cervical cancer.