Since the medical checkup found positive for HPV, many women are not calm and scared to death: do you have cancer? Is it infected in the blood? Who gave me the infection? Some even suggested to me that I should have my uterus cut off! …… is actually not that scary, and listen to me slowly explain to you. HPV is called human papillomavirus, and it has been found that there are more than 100 types of HPV viruses, more than 40 of which are associated with reproductive tract infections. Based on its potential to cause cervical cancer, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2012 classified it into high-risk, suspected high-risk and low-risk types. The first two are associated with cervical cancer and high-grade vulvar, vaginal, and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), while the latter is associated with genital warts and low-grade vulvar, vaginal, and cervical SIL. The common high-risk types are: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 12 types; suspected high-risk types are: 26, 53, 66, 67, 68, 70, 73, 82, 8 types; low-risk types are: 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 72, 81, 89, 11 types. HPV infection in the reproductive tract is still relatively common, with foreign reports of infection rates of about 10% in the general population. A study in Beijing found that the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection among women of childbearing age was about 9.9%. Although the infection rate is not low, the majority of HPV infections in the genital tract are transient and without clinical symptoms because the immune mechanism produced by the body can clear HPV after HPV infection, and about 90% of HPV infections regress within 2 years. Only a very small number of people with HPV infection develop clinically visible lower genital tract warts, squamous intraepithelial lesions and cancer, so there is no need to worry too much. Many people are confused about how to get infected. Direct skin-to-skin contact is the most common route of infection, but of course other indirect contact is not excluded. Many masculine friends are often in pain on this issue, thinking more of the ethical and moral aspects, the stability of marriage, love and family is affected. In fact, there is no need, because we do not live in a vacuum. Keeping a sunny heart will strengthen our resistance and will have a positive effect on the clearance of the virus. There are several HPV testing methods available, and the ones widely used in hospitals are mainly DNA testing of the viral genome, which is mainly divided into HPV typing and non-typing testing. The advantages of typing tests are that they can identify the specific type of HPV infection, identify mixed infections of multiple types, and determine whether the infection is persistent or reinfected with the same type of HPV. HPV testing without typing can identify whether the infection is high-risk HPV and has become one of the main methods of cervical cancer screening, with values that can determine progression. Other HPV testing methods are cytology examination of dug-out cells, immunohistochemistry detection of HPV antigen, and HPV antibody testing, which are not used much in hospitals. HPV testing is becoming more and more important in cervical cancer screening, and the results of combined HPV and cytology screening for cervical cancer can be interpreted in this way. (1) Combined screening results are negative: then combined screening is done once every 5 years. (2) HPV positive with atypical squamous cell cytology (ASC-US): direct colposcopy. (3) HPV positive and cytology negative: then rescreen at 12 months with combined screening or perform typing test for HPV 16 and 18. If HPV 16 or 18 positive, colposcopy should be performed, if HPV 16 and 18 negative, then combined screening at 12 months. (4) HPV negative with ASC-US cytology: combined screening every 3 years. Additional cytology for cervical low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), cervical high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and women with squamous epithelial cell carcinoma are directly screened colposcopically regardless of HPV results. the management of ASC-US is different for women aged 21-24 years, as HPV infection is mostly transient in this age group, so repeat cytology at 12 months is preferred examination. For women 65 years of age and older, cervical cancer screening can be discontinued if there is no history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade II or higher in the past 20 years and if HPV screening results are negative. How to prevent HPV infection and thus reduce the occurrence of cervical cancer? Firstly, of course, safe contact, mainly in terms of sexual life, reducing sexual partners, using condoms, washing hands and contact areas, etc. are all good measures; secondly, for girls who do not have sexual life, they can consider HPV vaccine preventive vaccine, which includes quadrivalent vaccine (covering HPV 16, 18, 6, 11) and bivalent vaccine (covering HPV 16, 18). HPV 16, 18). The nine-valent vaccine has recently been released and covers types (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, 6 and 11), the evaluation of its effectiveness requires further clinical validation. Regardless of which vaccine is administered, follow-up cervical cancer screening is still necessary because the vaccine does not cover all subtypes. The quadrivalent vaccine is expected to be available in mainland China in 2016. Condyloma acuminatum is a squamous epithelial proliferative wart-like lesion caused by HPV infection and is most common in young women aged 20 to 29. The diagnosis of condyloma acuminata is usually made based on the typical lesions observed by the naked eye of the doctor. If you find bumps on the vulva, you can go to a regular hospital to have your professional doctor examine and treat them. There is no way to eradicate HPV in the treatment of warts. The only treatment is to remove the exogenous warts and improve the signs and symptoms. The actual fact is that you can find a number of different methods depending on the location, size, and number of warts, your financial situation, and your doctor’s experience. It is recommended that sexual partners be tested for warts at the same time and that sexual intercourse be prohibited until cured. Consistent use of condoms can reduce the risk of warts, but there is still a risk of HPV infection in areas not covered by condoms. The prognosis for warts is generally good, with a high cure rate, but all kinds of treatments have the potential to recur, mostly within 3 months after treatment, with a recurrence rate of 25%. This is why you need to follow up after treatment, once every 2 weeks for 3 months after treatment. For recurrent recurrent warts, biopsies should be taken promptly to exclude malignant changes. The principles of management of cervical precancerous lesions are based on the extent of lesions, age, cytological results, HPV test results, transformation zone in colposcopy and the need to preserve reproductive function, etc., and then individualized treatment plans are formulated. General initial management, with the exception of young women and pregnant women, is possible with cervical conization or destruction therapy if colposcopy is adequate. For recurrent CIN2, CIN3 and CIN2,3, inadequate colposcopy or cervical canal biopsy for CIN2, CIN3, CIN2,3 and unclassifiable CIN, diagnostic conization is recommended and destructive therapy is not recommended. Some friends are very frustrated and say, why not just have the hysterectomy? It is important to tell you that hysterectomy is not the treatment of choice for CIN2, CIN3 and CIN2,3. For post-treatment follow-up of cervical precancerous lesions, combined screening at 12 and 24 months after treatment is recommended, and re-screening at 3 years if the combined screening is negative; colposcopy with cervical canal sampling is recommended if any result in the combined screening is abnormal. Cytology and cervical canal sampling are recommended at 4-6 months after treatment for positive cut margins or for CIN2, CIN3 and CIN2,3 on cervical canal sampling. In addition, repeat diagnostic conization is acceptable, and if repeat diagnostic conization is not feasible, hysterectomy is also acceptable. The management of CIN2, CIN3 and CIN2,3 in young women aged 21-24 years is relatively conservative and needs to be individualized. Therefore, HPV surveillance is very meaningful for the prevention of cervical cancer. It is not necessary to be too nervous if HPV is found to be positive, but if it is accompanied by some inflammation, it can be treated in hospital, and if there are warts and precancerous lesions, they should be actively treated.