The causes of gallbladder stones are very complex and are a combination of factors. It is believed that the basic factor is a change in the composition and physicochemical properties of bile, resulting in supersaturation of cholesterol in the bile, which can easily precipitate and crystallize to form stones. In addition, there may be a nucleation factor in the bile of patients with gallbladder stones, which can secrete a large amount of mucus glycoproteins to promote nucleation and stone formation. In addition, the reduced contractility of the gallbladder and the stagnation of bile in the gallbladder also facilitate stone formation. The symptoms of gallbladder stones depend on the size and location of the stones, as well as the presence of obstruction and inflammation. About 50% of patients with gallbladder stones are asymptomatic for life, which is known as occult stones. Larger gallbladder stones may cause symptoms of indigestion such as stuffiness and distension in the upper or right side of the abdomen, belching and aversion to greasy food. Smaller stones may cause biliary colic and acute cholecystitis when they obstruct the gallbladder duct after a full meal, eating fatty food, or lying down at night. Due to the contraction of the gallbladder, smaller stones may pass through the cystic duct into the common bile duct and cause obstructive jaundice, then some stones may be discharged from the bile duct into the duodenum, and some stones remain in the bile duct as secondary bile duct stones. Stones may also obstruct the bile duct for a long time without infection and only form a fluid in the gallbladder, at which time an enlarged gallbladder without obvious pressure can be palpated. In the absence of infection, gallbladder stones usually have no specific signs or only mild pressure pain in the right upper abdomen. However, when there is an acute infection, there may be pressure pain and muscle tension in the upper and middle abdomen and right upper abdomen, and sometimes an enlarged and painful gallbladder may be palpable. Murphy’s sign is often positive.