Posterior kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic thoracic and lumbar fractures Leng Hui, Department of Spine Surgery, Chifeng Hospital As society develops and human life span increases, the population structure tends to age, leading to an increasing number of osteoporosis (OP) and its resulting fractures, which are a serious threat to the health of middle-aged and elderly people. Primary osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and degradation of bone microstructure, resulting in increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporosis is caused by a lower than normal peak bone mass during growth and development or by a rapid loss of bone mass in the body as we age. Therefore, the causes of osteoporotic fractures include age, nutritional status, frequency and amplitude of exercise, hormone levels and lifestyle habits in addition to different degrees of external forces. Congenital or acquired nutritional deficiencies, reduced physiological hormone levels in the elderly, prolonged bed rest or limb movement dysfunction are the common causes of osteoporosis. In the case of systemic bone quality and quantity decline, osteoporotic vertebral compression faemre (OVCF) in the thoracolumbar segment of the elderly is one of the most common complications of OP, and minor trauma can cause multi-segment vertebral compression fractures and even spinal cord injury. The cause of death. Osteoporosis affects more than 1/4 of people over 50 years of age. The risk of vertebral compression fractures increases with age. Among women aged 80 to 85 years, 40% of them have osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Common risk factors for the development of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures include menopause, chronic hormone therapy, prolonged braking, and renal insufficiency. Traditional conservative treatment includes bed rest and pain relief. Longer post-injury bed rest and limited voluntary activity in turn aggravate the degree of systemic osteoporosis, thus creating a vicious circle that directly affects the treatment outcome. At the same time, conservative treatment, due to the patient’s pain, it is difficult to fully adhere to the medical advice to over-extension reset, vertebral height and posterior convexity deformity recovery is not ideal, early out of bed activities of the injured vertebral body height will be further lost and posterior convexity deformity aggravated, resulting in nerve damage and pain aggravation, the second phase of surgery treatment is difficult, high risk, high cost. Traditional surgical treatment is very traumatic, and internal fixation of the pedicle is easy to loosen the vertebrae with osteoporosis. With the development of minimally invasive spine surgery methods, percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) have opened up a whole new way for the treatment of OVCF. In recent years, some scholars at home and abroad have adopted minimally invasive surgical treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures-percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneouskyphoplasty (PKP).In 1984, Deramond[2] was the first to successfully treat a patient with a chronically painful second cervical vertebral hemangioma by intravertebral injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), a procedure known as percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). Subsequently, PVP was gradually introduced for patients with vertebral hemangioma, myeloma, osteolytic metastases, and osteoporotic vertebral HI fractures combined with intractable pain, which has the effect of increasing vertebral body strength, stabilizing the vertebral body, and relieving pain. However, PVP cannot increase the height of the compressed vertebral body, and it cannot correct the kyphoplasty, and has a high rate of cement leakage.There are many methods of PKP, and in 1994, Reiley in the United States designed a technique to correct the kyphoplasty by balloon expansion, called percutaneous balloon-kyphoplasty (BKP). PKP is a clinical study of posterior kyphoplasty with a balloon expander for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in which the expander expands the vertebral body first to restore some or all of the vertebral body height and to create a relatively closed bony cavity within the vertebral body, allowing the injection of highly viscous bone cement under low pressure conditions, thus greatly reducing the risk of cement leakage. PKP is effective in relieving pain and overcomes the shortcomings of PVP by significantly restoring the height of the compressed vertebral body and correcting the kyphotic deformity. Currently, the instruments used for PKP are the Kyphon instrumentation from the United States, the Sky expansion instrumentation from Israel, and the expandable bone expansion balloon from Guanlong in China. Therefore, this study uses minimally invasive treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the elderly, i.e., posterior kyphoplasty with expander (PKP) surgical system can reach the vertebral body via the pedicle and achieve the function of bracing safely and reliably, which is a minimally invasive surgical method that can indeed restore the lost height of the diseased vertebrae to correct the kyphotic deformity and also reduce the rate of cement leakage at a lower price. Elevating the height of the anterior portion of the vertebral body and filling it with bone cement can significantly enhance the pressure resistance of the vertebral body Currently, its treatment includes surgical intervention, active application of anti-osteoporotic drugs, and functional exercise. Typical case presentation: Wang ××, female, 61Y, L3 vertebral compression fracture, L5 vertebral old compression fracture Procedure: percutaneous puncture L3, L5 balloon-expandable vertebroplasty (PKP)