No new drugs for motor neuron disease have been introduced in recent years. Drugs used in the treatment of motor neuron disease include riluzole, an anti-excitatory amino acid toxicity, the neurotrophic factor coenzyme Q10, the antioxidant and free radical scavenger edaravone, and new calcium channel blockers, among others. Motor neuron disease is a degenerative disease of the nervous system, a group of disorders that involve motor neurons up and down the nervous system. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of motor neuron disease is unknown, the more focused understanding is that oxidative stress damage and excitotoxic effects on the basis of genetic background combine to damage motor neurons. Based on this, riluzole has the ability to inhibit the release of the excitatory amino acid glutamate, and it has been clinically proven that riluzole can delay the course of the disease and patient survival. Meanwhile, the neurotrophic factor coenzyme Q10, the antioxidant and free radical scavenger edaravone, and novel calcium channel blockers also have a role in the treatment of motor neuron disease. It is recommended that patients with motor neuron disease consult a medical professional in the hospital and be treated with medication under the doctor’s guidance.