To reach stage 5 chronic kidney disease, which is what we call end-stage renal disease, the treatment is divided into two main blocks, the first is symptomatic treatment of complications, and the second is renal replacement therapy. The treatment of complications mainly includes end-stage renal patients, who sometimes have disorders of water, electrolytes, acid-base balance, such as hyperkalemia, low calcium, high phosphorus, metabolic acidosis, etc. We can use drugs to correct acid, lower potassium, calcium, phosphorus and other symptomatic treatment. In addition, there will be complications such as anemia, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, cardiovascular accidents, etc., which can be treated with oral antihypertensive drugs to lower blood pressure, and also with erythropoietin to supplement iron and folic acid to replenish blood. If nausea and vomiting occur, they can also be treated symptomatically with acid-suppressing and stomach-protecting drugs, and these are all forms of treatment. The second is renal replacement therapy. When we enter stage 5 of chronic kidney disease, especially after endogenous creatinine clearance is less than 10 ml/min, we need renal replacement therapy, including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation.