The human kidneys filter waste and excess fluid from the blood to form urine and then excrete it from the body. Chronic kidney disease is kidney damage or decreased kidney function due to various causes that last for more than 3 months, including glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60ml/min or pathological damage, abnormal blood, urine and imaging tests.
Currently, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China is 10.8% and is on the rise. Chronic nephritis, diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the most common causes of chronic kidney disease. Initially, patients may have no specific manifestations. As the disease progresses and the kidneys are damaged, patients with chronic kidney disease will experience nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue and weakness, reduced urine output, mental depression and oedema.