In general, any end-stage disease limited to the liver is suitable for liver transplantation. The main indications are as follows: 1. Benign end-stage liver disease: post-hepatitis cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, secondary biliary cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic progressive hepatitis, including chronic active viral hepatitis (hepatitis B p C, etc.), autoimmune hepatitis and drug-related hepatitis. Sclerosing cholangitis, acute or subacute liver failure, Budd-Chiari syndrome, polycystic liver, initial liver transplantation failure, severe intrahepatic bile duct stones throughout both livers, autoimmune liver disease, end-stage hepatic sclerosis, severe liver trauma, etc. 2.Neoplastic diseases: giant hepatic hemangioma, multiple hepatic adenomas, hepatocellular hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma, hepatic vascular endothelial carcinoma, smooth muscle sarcoma, secondary hepatocellular carcinoma (primary tumor has been completely rooted, galactosemia, especially endocrine tumors). 3. Congenital and metabolic liver diseases: congenital biliary atresia, hepatomegaly (Wilson’s disease), cystic dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli’s disease), glycogen accumulation syndrome, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, tyrosinemia, etc. Contraindications for liver transplantation I. Combined cardiac, pulmonary and renal insufficiency and failure; II. Systemic infection, active tuberculosis, HIV positive; III. Extrahepatic malignant tumor or extrahepatic metastasis of primary liver cancer; IV. Combined psychological disorders; V. Drug and alcohol abuse; VI. Advanced age (generally older than 65 years). Timing of liver transplantation If liver transplantation is performed too early, it may deprive some patients with liver disease of the opportunity to recover on their own, but if it is performed too late, it will increase the risk of surgery. Since the results of liver transplantation have been very satisfactory in recent years, liver transplantation should be considered early in patients with chronic cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, and congenital genetic disorders if the patient has nearly lost liver function and the prognosis of the primary disease is clear. For patients with malignant tumors, surgery should also be performed as early as possible if there is a possibility of radical treatment, so as to avoid the loss of transplantation opportunities due to distant tumor metastases. For patients with liver failure or fulminant liver failure, if the condition is critical and the disease cannot be saved by conservative treatment, liver transplantation should be performed in a timely manner if a donor is available to save the patient’s life.