In order to grasp the carrying rate of hepatitis B surface antigen and the rate of hepatitis B virus infection in different regions and populations at the present stage in China, and to evaluate the effect of incorporating hepatitis B vaccine into the planned immunization management of children in 1992 and hepatitis B vaccine into the immunization plan of children in 2002, the Ministry of Health conducted a national seroepidemiological survey on hepatitis B and other related diseases in the population in 2006. The survey results show that China’s hepatitis B immunization prevention work has made remarkable achievements. The Ministry of Health announced the results of this survey: 1. The national hepatitis B surface antigen carriage rate for people aged 1-59 years is 7.18%. The difference between urban and rural population hepatitis B surface antigen carriage rate is not significant, the western region population hepatitis B surface antigen carriage rate is higher than the eastern region. 1 to 4 years old population hepatitis B surface antigen carriage rate is the lowest, 0.96%. 5 to 14 years old population is 2.42%. 15 to 59 years old population hepatitis B surface antigen carriage rate is the highest, reaching 8.57%. 1 to 4 years old population hepatitis B surface antigen carriage rate is significantly lower than the 15 to 59 years old population. The rate of hepatitis B surface antigen carriage among people aged 1 to 4 is significantly lower than that among people aged 15 to 59. 2, the national population hepatitis B antibody positivity rate is 50.09%. The highest rate of hepatitis B antibody positivity was 71.24% for people aged 1-4 years, 56.58% for people aged 5-14 years, and the lowest rate was 47.38% for people aged 15-59 years. 3. Hepatitis B vaccination status. The surveyed children aged 1 to 14 years old were 40,129, of whom 32,732 (81.56%) had a history of hepatitis B vaccination. 89.39% and 50.59% of the surveyed population aged 1 to 4 years old and 5 to 14 years old were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine throughout, and 73.37% and 43.91% were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine in time for the first injection, respectively, and the rate of vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine throughout and in time for the first injection was higher in urban than in rural areas. The timely vaccination rate for the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine for children born in hospitals is higher than that for children born at home. 4. Hepatitis B vaccine immunization and hepatitis B surface antigen carriage. The hepatitis B surface antigen carriage rate of those with a history of hepatitis B vaccination was significantly lower than that of those without a history of hepatitis B vaccination. Among children with a history of vaccination, the hepatitis B surface antigen carriage rate of those who received the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine in time was lower than that of those who did not receive the vaccination in time. The results of the survey conducted by the Ministry of Health show that significant achievements have been made in hepatitis B immunization prevention: the carrier rate of hepatitis B surface antigen has dropped significantly. In this survey, the hepatitis B surface antigen carriage rate of our population is 7.18%, which is 26.36% lower than the 9.75% hepatitis B surface antigen carriage rate found in the 1992 survey, and the younger the age, the greater the decline.