Sudden onset of chest discomfort for 1 day and came to our emergency room. The diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax was clear with 30% compression of the left lung. VATS pneumonectomy + mechanical pleural fixation was performed in emergency. A closed chest drain was placed after the operation, and on the second day after the operation, negative pressure suction was assisted. 3 days after the operation, the lung was satisfactorily reopened, and the closed chest drain was successfully removed and discharged.