Just when the family was immersed in the happiness and joy brought by the new life, the disease came to Ms. Liu quietly. Two years after the cesarean delivery, Ms. Liu always had pain in her waist, buttocks and lower abdomen with each menstrual period, and the pain increased with each period and the volume of menstruation increased. After examination, it was confirmed that she had adenomyosis, which caused menstrual pain. Afterwards, she was treated in major hospitals, and took Danazol and Mifepristone without improvement, and could only take painkillers to relieve the pain, and had to rest in bed in severe cases, which greatly affected her work and life. Later, she received uterine artery embolization treatment at our hospital, which successfully eliminated the symptoms of dysmenorrhea and excessive menstrual flow. What exactly is dysmenorrhea? Why does dysmenorrhea occur? Medically, dysmenorrhea is divided into primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea refers to dysmenorrhea without lesions in the pelvic organs, which is common in young unmarried women and usually disappears after marriage. The most common causes of dysmenorrhea are adenomyosis and endometriosis. Adenomyosis is a common gynecological disease, mostly seen in middle-aged women aged 35-45 years, with a younger trend in recent years, and patients in their 20s are not uncommon. Patients mainly suffer from dysmenorrhea, and the degree of dysmenorrhea is more intense than once, often especially in the second and third days of menstruation, and in some patients the dysmenorrhea even lasts from a few days before to a few days after menstruation, during the onset of dysmenorrhea patients feel pain in the lumbosacral region, discomfort, cramping pain in the lower abdomen, etc. Sometimes they need to suspend work or even take bed rest, apply hot water bags locally to relieve pain, or take pain medication in severe cases. In short, dysmenorrhea seriously affects the patient’s work and life. In addition, patients may experience excessive menstrual flow and menstrual cycle disorders. Infertility often occurs in patients with adenomyosis and endometriosis, which is even worse in younger patients. The treatment of adenomyosis is tricky. Traditionally, painkillers are used for milder cases of dysmenorrhea, and in severe cases, hormonal drugs are used to suppress ovarian function and cause endometrial atrophy to stop menstruation and relieve symptoms, but the symptoms usually reappear when menstruation resumes after stopping the drugs, and the drugs can cause side effects such as liver damage, masculinization, and osteoporosis, so they should not be used for a long time. The last resort is to remove the uterus after medication has failed. Is it true that adenomyosis can only be controlled by painkillers and cannot be cured? Of course not! With the advancement of medical technology, an emerging and advanced minimally invasive treatment method can effectively treat adenomyosis, which is uterine embolization intervention. This method has been the preferred method of non-surgical treatment for uterine fibroids and is also effective in treating adenomyosis. It does not require an incision, but simply involves inserting a small tube through the root of the thigh into the patient’s artery. The small tube follows the artery to the uterine artery and then injects the drug and then removes the catheter. The puncture wound does not require stitches and only requires a few minutes of compression. The operation usually takes only 45-60 minutes, and the patient can be discharged from the hospital after 3 days of rest, and can go to work and resume normal life 2 days after discharge. Uterine artery embolization is minimally invasive, safe, has few complications associated with the procedure, preserves the uterus, does not affect menstruation, has good therapeutic effects on dysmenorrhea and excessive menstrual flow, and has a quick recovery. Although uterine artery embolization for the treatment of adenomyosis is not complicated, the treatment before and after embolization and the selection of the size and type of embolization material are demanding and require a high level of clinical experience of the surgeon, so that poor results after the application of embolization treatment often occur. Currently, the medium-term (three-year) outcome of this method of treatment of adenomyosis is 88%, and there have been cases of successful pregnancies and healthy babies after embolization. Adenomyosis has a huge impact on the work and life of patients, with dysmenorrhea, excessive menstrual flow and infertility often plaguing young patients, and uterine artery embolization offers a new effective and safe technique for this disease that can serve patients.