For primary and secondary hepatocellular carcinoma in the context of cirrhosis, one of the treatment challenges is the altered functional status of the liver and its related complications caused by cirrhosis. Only by improving the basic pathophysiological changes of cirrhosis can we improve the tolerance of these patients to treatment, effectively control the tumor and prolong the survival time of patients. Based on the tracking of domestic and foreign research dynamics in this field, and combined with the actual construction of the technical platform of the department, Director Deng Yunzong of the Department of Oncology of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine carried out autologous bone marrow transplantation via the portal vein route and related support techniques. With the successful recovery of the patient, it marks the practicality and maturity of the technique. The technique involves percutaneous transhepatic portal vein puncture and cannulation under imaging guidance, and the autologous bone marrow obtained is imported from the portal vein, which in turn allows the mesenchymal stem cells therein to colonize the liver and apply their directed differentiation ability to achieve regeneration of hepatocytes and reconstruction of liver function, immune function, and skeletal structure. The clinical manifestations include reduction of serum ghrelin, ghrelin, and total bilirubin levels, improvement of albumin synthesis capacity, and reduction of ascites production. In conjunction with the autologous bone marrow intrahepatic transplantation technique, using the portal vein access already set up, individualized integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment plans can be designed for different disease conditions, substantially improving the overall treatment effect. Hepatocyte regeneration or replacement is the fundamental way out for the treatment of liver diseases represented by cirrhosis. Hepatocytes themselves have a strong regenerative repair ability, and can rapidly divide and proliferate and repair damage when the residual hepatocytes are functioning normally, but this mechanism is difficult to achieve the ideal goal for repairing the common clinical liver injury. By summarizing the basic and clinical research on different types of stem cells in the field of cirrhosis treatment and the optimal selection of transplanted stem cell types according to the specificity of the patient’s disease state, a large number of experimental studies have shown that bone marrow-derived stem cells have the potential to differentiate into hepatocytes, and these results show the feasibility and importance of exploring the mechanism of hepatocyte regeneration and regenerating liver function from the perspective of stem cells . Bone marrow is the most abundant tissue in the adult body in terms of stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, and recently a variety of bone marrow stem cells with different phenotypes and greater differentiation potential have been identified. After transplanted into the patient’s organ, the bone marrow stem cells grow into bone marrow-derived hepatic stem cells, hepatocytes and bile duct cells, and then grow into new liver tissue through differentiation and proliferation to repair the damaged liver tissue. Since the blood supply to the liver is characterized by the portal vein providing more than 70% of the blood supply to the liver, it has a long retention time after reaching the hepatic blood sinusoids, is well distributed selectively, and fuses with the recipient liver parenchyma without changing the microstructure of the organ, and contains high concentrations of hepatophilic cytokines in the portal system, the nutrients contained in the intrahepatic microcirculation and blood in the portal vein are beneficial to the survival and growth of transplanted stem cells. The bone marrow stem cells are small in diameter and will not cause complications such as embolism after entering the liver. The portal venous system has a special structure, starting from the main trunk, one end receives blood from the entire intestine and the splenic vein, which is pooled from the splenic sinusoids, and the other end branches out to the hepatic sinusoids, so both ends are capillary in shape, so the usual infusion methods cannot reach the portal vein directly. The establishment of traditional portal vein infusion access requires open surgery, which is more invasive. Director Deng Yunzong has pioneered the minimally invasive technique of establishing portal vein access through skin puncture, which has made the whole treatment process minimally invasive and comfortable. Patients treated by this technique can eat and move freely after only 3-6 hours of bed rest. The trans-portal route autologous bone marrow transplantation technique is an integral part of the optimal comprehensive treatment plan for liver cancer in the context of cirrhosis and cirrhosis, and is a concrete manifestation of the comfort medical strategy in liver diseases.