I. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective therapy. Inflammatory necrosis of the liver due to HBV and its resulting liver fibrosis are the main pathological basis for disease progression. Glycyrrhetinic acid preparations, silymarin preparations, polyunsaturated lecithin preparations, and bicyclic alcohols have different degrees of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatocyte membrane and organelle protection effects, and their clinical application can improve liver biochemical indexes (II-2, II-3). Taihe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Liver Diseases, Huai De over anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective therapy is only part of the comprehensive treatment and cannot replace antiviral therapy. For those with significantly elevated ALT or obvious inflammatory necrosis of the liver histology, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs can be used appropriately on the basis of antiviral therapy. It is not advisable to use multiple anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs at the same time to avoid increasing the burden on the liver and causing adverse effects due to drug interactions. Anti-fibrotic treatment. Studies have shown that fibrosis and even cirrhosis can be reduced by liver histopathology after antiviral treatment with IFN or nucleoside (acid) analogues. Therefore, antiviral therapy is the basis of antifibrotic treatment. Several anti-fibrotic TCM formulations have shown some efficacy in experimental and clinical studies, but further large-sample, randomized, double-blind clinical trials with emphasis on liver histological findings are needed to further validate their efficacy. Third, patient follow-up. At the end of treatment, regardless of treatment response, ALT, AST, serum bilirubin (if necessary), HBV serologic markers and HBV DNA should be tested at least every 2 months for 6 months after discontinuation of treatment, and every 3-6 months thereafter, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The follow-up interval should be shortened if there are changes in the disease during the follow-up. For those with persistently normal ALT and negative HBV DNA, HBV DNA, ALT, AFP and ultrasound imaging are recommended at least every 6 months. For those with normal ALT but positive HBV DNA, HBV DNA and ALT should be tested every 3 months, and AFP and ultrasonography should be performed every 6 months; liver histology should be performed if necessary. For patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis, especially those at high risk of HCC (>40 years old, male, alcoholic, hepatic insufficiency or with increased AFP), AFP and abdominal ultrasonography (CT or MRI if necessary) should be performed every 3-6 months for early detection of HCC. Gastrointestinal varices and their progression.