Gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps are common diseases in hepatobiliary surgery, and their incidence is increasing year by year with the improvement of modern people’s dietary habits and living conditions. For a long time, when people have gallbladder stones or polyps, they mainly take the treatment of gallbladder removal. As the saying goes, “the liver and the gallbladder are the same”, with the deepening of the understanding of gallbladder function, especially the exploration of various complications after cholecystectomy (such as dyspepsia, duodenal fluid reflux, gastroesophageal reflux, increased incidence of colon cancer, etc.), people gradually realize that the gallbladder has extremely complex and important physiological functions and is an indispensable and irreplaceable It is an important digestive and immune organ that should not be easily abolished. Based on this understanding, experts and scholars have proposed biliary surgery for gallbladder stones and polyps in recent years, and significant progress and breakthroughs have been achieved since its implementation. Academician Huang Zhiqiang clearly pointed out at the 13th National Biliary Surgery Congress in 2008 that the new thinking of endoscopic biliary preservation technology is a major event in the 21st century and a major event in China. Opposition to biliary preservation surgery argues that: 1, preserving the gallbladder, stones and polyps have the possibility of recurrence. 2, the diseased gallbladder has lost its proper function, and it is meaningless to keep it. After long-term discussion and clinical practice, the following views are gradually accepted: 1. The indications for biliary surgery should be strictly controlled, and the gallbladder can be preserved if the gallbladder function is good and the inflammation of the gallbladder is mild. 2, postoperative use of drugs and attention to diet to reduce the chances of recurrence of stones and polyps. 3.For the gallbladder that does not meet the conditions of gallbladder preservation, we will resolutely remove it surgically and not preserve it. Under strict control of the indications, it has been reported that the recurrence rate of stones is 5-10% 5 years after surgery and the gallbladder function is good. In terms of surgical approach, both bile preservation and cholecystectomy are minimally invasive laparoscopic surgeries with little surgical damage and fast recovery. Therefore, for gallbladder diseases, we believe that they should be treated differently. Different treatment strategies should be adopted according to the function and inflammation of the gallbladder, and not just resection or preservation.