Gout is caused by persistently elevated blood uric acid levels, resulting in deposits of monosodium urate in joints and other tissues. Persistently elevated blood uric acid levels require verification of the presence of coexisting conditions that cause secondary hyperuricemia (e.g., renal insufficiency, cardiovascular disease, etc.). The European Society of Rheumatology, the American College of Rheumatology and many other societies have proposed new guidelines for the treatment of gout, including non-pharmacological interventions and pharmacological treatments, which are briefly summarized below. The guidelines unanimously emphasize that a reduction of blood uric acid level to below 360 μmol/L (6 mg/dl) is the minimum goal of treatment, and for gout patients with existing gout stones, a reduction of blood uric acid level to below 300 μmol/L (5 mg/dl). In 2013, the Chinese expert consensus on the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout, led by the Endocrinology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, stated that the threshold for starting pharmacological intervention in hyperuricemia is > 420 μmol/L (men) and > 360 μmol/L (women), and recommended that patients with hyperuricemia combined with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease should be given concomitant life coaching and uric acid-lowering therapy. For patients with gouty arthritis, it is recommended to control the blood uric acid level below 300 μmol/L. Weight control, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and strict alcohol restriction (especially beer); avoid intake of foods rich in purines such as animal offal and sweet drinks with high fructose content; limit beef, mutton, pork, and seafood with high purine content; encourage patients to consume low-fat dairy products and vegetables. Avoid drugs that may cause uric acid levels to rise. Allopurinol or febuxostat, two xanthine oxidase inhibitors, are recommended as the first-line drugs for uric acid lowering therapy. The starting dose of allopurinol should not be >100 mg/d for any gout patient and >50 mg/d for patients with combined renal insufficiency, and may be increased every 2-5 weeks until the uric acid level reaches the desired target. Probenecid is the best choice for uric acid excretion, but should not be used in patients with creatinine clearance <50 ml/min. The urine should be alkalized when choosing uric acid excretory drugs for treatment. In order to prevent arthritis attacks, NSAIDs or colchicine (recommended daily dose <1.2 mg) can be used in parallel with uric acid-lowering therapy. The duration of preventive medication needs to be determined on a patient-by-patient basis. Medication is required for acute gout attacks and is recommended to be started within 24 hours of the onset of arthritis. Uric acid-lowering medications taken continuously before the attack should be continued. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, systemic glucocorticoids and colchicine are the first-line recommendations for acute attacks of gouty arthritis.