In recent years, with the large number of laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases, it is not uncommon to find patients with gallbladder cancer complicated by the treatment of gallbladder stone disease, with the majority of patients being middle-aged and elderly female patients with a longer disease duration and older than 50 years old. Over the years, through a large number of epidemiological and clinical studies on gallbladder cancer, the hepatobiliary surgery community has basically reached a consensus on the risk factors for the development of gallbladder cancer: ① female gallbladder stone patients over 5 years of age; ② gallstones with a disease duration of more than 5 years; ③ ultrasound indicates a restrictive increase in the gallbladder wall; ④ stones with a diameter greater than 2.0 cm; ⑤ embedded stones in the neck of the gallbladder; ⑥ atrophy of the gallbladder or significant thickening of the cyst wall; ⑦ porcelain-like gallbladder (7) porcelain-like gallbladder; (8) combined with gallbladder polyp-like lesions; (9) combined with abnormal biliopancreatic duct connections; (10) those who have undergone choledochostomy in the past. To improve the prognosis of gallbladder cancer and increase the survival rate, it is necessary to correctly understand the precancerous lesions of gallbladder cancer, enhance the vigilance of gallbladder cancer, and do a good job in the prevention and treatment of gallbladder cancer high-risk groups, which is of great practical significance for early detection and diagnosis of gallbladder cancer and secondary prevention. Active treatment measures should be taken for people with the above-mentioned diseases, and emphasis should be placed on intraoperative rapid frozen pathological examination and postoperative pathological examination, which can be expected to detect more early cases and achieve better treatment results.