1.What are the industries of organotin compounds? Organotin compounds are mainly used as stabilizers for PVC plastics, but also as agricultural fungicides, anti-fungicides for paints, underwater anti-fouling agents, anti-rodent agents, etc. Tetrahydrocarbon-based tin is an intermediate for the preparation of other organotin compounds. In the application of organotin antifouling paint near the ship and other waters can be contaminated. In the operation can be due to improper protection, equipment failure or illegal operation and cause the operator a large number of exposure to organotin. 2. What are the clinical manifestations of acute trimethyltin poisoning? Acute trimethyltin poisoning is mainly manifested by dysfunction of the limbic system and cerebellum, and may be accompanied by mild limb sensory abnormalities. The initial symptoms include headache, dizziness, blurred vision, impaired memory of recent events, insomnia or drowsiness. The disease may progress even after cessation of exposure, and some delayed symptoms may appear gradually or suddenly after several days, especially severe neuropsychiatric symptoms such as rage, aggressive behavior, ataxia, and seizure-like epilepsy. Limbic system dysfunction may present with retrograde and paracrine amnesia, irritability, anxiety, depression, irritability, rage, aggressive behavior, fictitiousness, disorientation, hyperphagia, abnormal sexual behavior, or seizures in the form of complex partial seizures or generalized tonic clonic seizures. Cerebellar dysfunction may include nystagmus and ataxia, including limb and trunk ataxia, and explosive or chanting language due to dysarthria. Sensory impairment may include abnormal sensation, numbness or pain in the lower extremities. 24-hour urinary trimethyltin maximum levels may correlate with the severity of clinical symptoms. Serum potassium is reduced in some cases. 3. Acute triethyltin and tetraethyltin poisoning is mainly a clinical manifestation of cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure. The incubation period may vary in length depending on the type of poison, the route of entry and the dose. Generally, the time from the cessation of exposure to the poison to the appearance of obvious encephalopathy symptoms is mostly 1 to 2 days, and a few are 5 days. The incubation period can be without obvious symptoms and rapid onset; there can also be mild dizziness, headache, weakness; or skin and mucous membrane irritation symptoms. In a few cases, mild dizziness, malaise and skin tingling were felt 30 minutes after exposure to tetraethyltin, and the disease deteriorated rapidly after 2 weeks. Headache is often the first and most common symptom. The pain may awaken from sleep and analgesics are often ineffective. Dizziness may appear early and vertigo may be present later; weakness is an early and obvious symptom, often feeling extremely tired and weak all over the body, and some lower limbs weakness is more obvious; sweating in the early stage is sweating on the face, palms, feet and axillae, and in severe cases sweating all over the body. Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea in the early stage, followed by obvious loss of appetite, and frequent vomiting in the later stage, often non-jetting; dysuria is seen in some cases, with lumbar pain, worse when urinating, difficulty in urination, and urinary retention in the later stage; sleep disorder is insomnia in the early stage, followed by drowsiness; transient mild mental disorder includes polyglot, agitation, crying for no reason, disorientation, hallucination, and abnormal behavior. Other still have blurred vision, photophobia, diplopia, numbness of extremities, obvious wasting, etc. 4. Acute triphenyltin and tetraphenyltin poisoning often begins with dizziness, vertigo, followed by headache, weakness, nausea, etc. A few have numbness of the lips and tongue, ankylosis at the root of the nose and tonicity of the neck. There may also be excessive sweating, transient loss of consciousness, photophobia, and blurred vision. In severe cases, coma and convulsions may occur. A few have mild psychiatric symptoms, such as agitation, timidity, and crying for no reason. The liver and kidney damage is more obvious in transoral poisoning. All can recover. Urinary tin is increased in some cases. 5.Other organic tin compounds poisoning Acute tributyltin and tetrabutyltin poisoning: clinical symptoms are similar to acute triethyltin poisoning, but the condition is lighter. Acute trialkyltin or tetraalkyltin poisoning is dominated by encephalopathy, and triphenyltin poisoning can also appear as encephalopathy, but the clinical manifestations of encephalopathy can vary depending on the target site of the toxic effects of each organotin compound. Dibutyltin compounds, tributyltin compounds, and triphenyltin acetate have irritating effects on the skin and mucous membranes. Eye, nose, and upper respiratory tract irritation generally occurs at the time of exposure and subsides more quickly after exposure is removed. Dermatitis can occur within 1 hour to several hours after exposure and is slow to heal. The presence or absence of local irritation is not correlated with poisoning. Tributyltin chloride can cause skin burns. 6.Emergency treatment for acute organotin poisoning Get away from the accident site to fresh air immediately. When skin is contaminated, rinse thoroughly with water or soap and water immediately. Rinse with water if the eyes are contaminated. Wash the stomach with water immediately after oral ingestion. Once the organotin comes into contact with the skin, if it is not washed in time, the skin will absorb a large amount of it for a long time, which will easily lead to severe poisoning. Because the neurological symptoms may not be obvious during the incubation period of poisoning, the early symptoms of poisoning are often non-specific, so it is difficult to confirm the diagnosis at an early stage, and the condition changes rapidly, so those who have a large amount of exposure history should rest in bed and generally observe for 5 to 7 days for timely treatment.