Not all gallbladder stones require surgery. Briefly speaking, there are roughly 3 types of gallbladder stones that require surgery
1.Gallbladder stones with obvious clinical symptoms.
2.Asymptomatic simple gallbladder stones with the following conditions.
①ceramic gallbladder (i.e.: highly thickened gallbladder wall, non-functional gallbladder) due to its gallbladder cancer incidence of up to 25%.
② gallbladder stones greater than 2 cm, as the incidence of gallbladder cancer is significantly higher in patients with gallbladder stones greater than 2 cm.
(iii) Asymptomatic gallbladder stones combined with gallbladder polyps.
3, diabetic patients combined with gallbladder stones.
4.Chronic cholecystitis with acute attack of stones, active surgery after 1~2 weeks of symptom and sign relief by treatment.
5, chronic cholecystitis and acute attack of stones, the symptoms and signs do not ease after treatment, the gallbladder wall is prone to necrosis, and even gallbladder perforation to form peritonitis, should be operated as soon as possible, more than 24 hours should not be laparoscopic surgery.
6, biliary pancreatitis: that is, pancreatitis caused by bile duct stones; or patients with acute pancreatitis, clinical consideration of bile duct stones is one of the aggravating factors of pancreatitis.
If the gallbladder does not require surgery, or patients who need surgery but strongly disagree with it need to pay attention to the following dietary considerations for lifestyle habits gallbladder stones.
Low fat: foods containing a lot of fat can promote the secretion of cholecystokinin and make the gallbladder contract. In the case of cholecystitis, bile secretion is impaired, fat digestion and absorption are also affected, and more fat may induce gallbladder pain. Therefore, fat intake needs to be strictly limited, mainly animal fats should be strictly limited, while vegetable fats, can be used in moderation.
Low cholesterol: Most of the excess cholesterol is re-secreted in the bile, and the concentration of bile cholesterol increases. Consume foods with high cholesterol, such as fatty meat, animal liver, kidney, brain and other offal, fish roe, crab yolk, egg yolk and other foods.
Moderate amount of protein: You can consume moderate amount of protein, such as soy products, fish and shrimp, lean meat, egg whites and other foods.
Carbohydrates: compound carbohydrate-based food should be supplied.
Supply rich vitamins: Vitamin A has a role in preventing gallstones, helps the bile duct epithelium to grow and maintain its integrity, and helps the diseased bile duct to repair. Other vitamins, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and B vitamins should also be adequately supplied.
Food fiber: Plant fiber can increase bile salt excretion, inhibit cholesterol absorption, lower blood lipids, normalize cholesterol metabolism, and reduce the chance of gallstone formation. Food fiber not only has a beneficial effect on the gallbladder, but also stimulates intestinal peristalsis, which is beneficial to laxation, prompting the discharge of indole, fecal odorant and other harmful substances in the intestine as soon as possible to prevent gallbladder inflammation. You can choose foods with high dietary fiber, such as green leafy vegetables, radish, beans, fruits, coarse grains; and mushrooms, fungus and other foods that have a cholesterol-lowering effect.
Drink more water: Drink more water and beverages, which can dilute bile, promote bile discharge, prevent bile stagnation, and facilitate the recovery of biliary tract diseases, 1000 to 1500ml per day is appropriate.
Small amount and more meals: small amount of food can reduce the burden of the digestive system, and more meals can stimulate bile secretion from the bile duct, keep the bile duct open, which is conducive to the drainage of inflammatory substances in the bile duct and promote the slowdown and improvement of the disease.
Forbidden foods: stimulating foods and strong condiments, such as chili, curry, mustard, wine, coffee, etc.; frying; reducing the intake of gas-producing foods, such as milk (with individual differences), onion, garlic, radish, soybeans, etc. Pay attention to hygiene and prevent intestinal parasites and bacterial infections.
The following two items need to be kept in mind which gallbladder stones require surgery?
First: laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been the preferred surgical procedure for cholecystectomy, and laparoscopic surgery is preferred whenever available.
Second: Unlike urinary stones, gallbladder and biliary tract stones are usually treated without de-stoning, otherwise they may easily form an impaction, which may lead to an acute attack of gallstone and emergency surgery.