Malignant pleural effusion (commonly known as malignant pleural fluid) refers to the detection of malignant tumor cells in the pleural fluid. Both primary malignant tumors of the pleura and advanced pleural metastases of malignant tumors from other sites can lead to malignant pleural effusion, while the most common cause is lung cancer. Malignant pleural effusion is characterized by large amount of pleural fluid and rapid production, which is difficult to control by general puncture and drainage methods. In addition to the pain caused by the primary tumor, the large amount of pleural effusion affects breathing and circulation, and patients may feel chest tightness, shortness of breath, and wheezing, which affects rest and eating. Meanwhile, along with the continuous puncture and drainage of effusion, a large amount of protein and other effective blood components are continuously lost, which leads to physical depletion and exhaustion of the patient, directly affecting the treatment of the primary disease and shortening the survival of the patient. Therefore, patients with malignant pleural effusion suffer from the disease and have a poor quality of life, which is generally short. Therefore, in addition to the treatment of the primary disease, effective treatment of malignant pleural effusion itself should be carried out to reduce the patient’s pain, improve the quality of life, and create conditions for the treatment of the primary tumor. In this regard, clinical practitioners have made unremitting efforts. The current treatment methods include puncture, drainage, intrathoracic injection of antitumor drugs or sclerosing agents to eliminate the pleural fluid, but the efficiency is low, and most of the chemotherapeutic drugs applied in the chest can have toxic side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, damage to heart and kidney function, etc., and there may also be pleural irritation leading to chest pain and fever, which increases the patient’s pain. The emergence of televised thoracoscopic surgery in the 1990s has provided an effective option for this group of patients. This procedure is less invasive, less painful and quicker to recover, and the patient can be out of bed on the first day after surgery. TV thoracoscopy is performed by making 2-4 “keyholes” in the chest wall, through which a thoracoscope with a camera can be inserted to clearly see the pleural lesion, completely aspirate the pleural fluid, peel off the fibrous bands wrapped around the surface of the lung, and promote complete expansion of the lung. It is also possible to spray talcum powder evenly on the pleural surface under the thoracoscope, which can effectively produce adhesions in the pleural cavity, completely eliminate pleural fluid, relieve the patient’s symptoms while avoiding the loss of fluid and protein due to repeated chest puncture, significantly improve the patient’s quality of life, and create conditions for further tumor treatment.