At present, depression is being paid more and more attention because of its increasing incidence, at the same time, the high recurrence rate of depressive disorder makes its treatment process tortuous or makes you discouraged; the unknown pathogenesis of depressive disorder makes you feel confused and uneasy about the treatment, so what exactly is depressive disorder? Many patients do not understand and feel that when they go to the outpatient clinic, the doctor asks some questions and then tells them that they have depression and need to take medication. It feels overwhelming all of a sudden: Is the doctor too hasty? How can you see a doctor like this? Don’t you need to do a checkup? ICD-10, the common diagnostic criteria for depression, defines depression as follows: 1) core symptoms (the most important symptoms): 1) depressed mood, 2) loss of interest and pleasure, 3) decreased energy leading to increased exertion and reduced activity. 2) additional symptoms (relatively minor and important symptoms): 1) decreased ability to focus and pay attention; 2) decreased self-esteem and self-confidence. 2) reduced self-esteem and self-confidence; 3) self-guilt and feelings of worthlessness (even in mild episodes); 4) pessimistic perception of a bleak future; 5) self-injurious or suicidal thoughts or behaviors; 6) sleep disturbances; 7) decreased appetite. Judgment criteria for mild depression: include at least two of the core symptoms, at least two additional symptoms, all symptoms should not be severe, and the entire episode lasts at least 2 weeks. Patients with mild depressive episodes are usually troubled by their symptoms and have some difficulty continuing with their daily work and social activities. Judgment criteria for moderate depression: at least two of the core symptoms, plus at least four symptoms of additional symptoms, and the entire episode lasts at least 2 weeks. Judgment criteria for major depression: meeting all core symptoms, plus at least four additional symptoms, some of which should reach a severe level. Patients with major depressive episodes often show significant distress or agitation, which may not be evident if retardation is a prominent feature. Loss of self-esteem, feelings of uselessness, and feelings of self-guilt can be prominent, and in very severe cases, suicide is an obvious risk. The diagnosis can also be made if the illness lasts less than two weeks, if it is aggressive or has an acute onset. From the above, we can see that the diagnosis of depression has its own professional criteria and cannot be expanded or ignored arbitrarily, while in clinical practice these two phenomena exist very commonly, such as the first words of many patients entering the clinic: “Doctor, I have depression.” In fact, what patients are upset about is not the symptoms of the disease itself, but the negative emotion caused by the bad suggestion of self, and many patients with neurosis have the characteristic of feeling allergic or preferring to exaggerate to get attention, therefore, they are easily diagnosed as depression, as a result, it can only aggravate the patient’s own bad suggestion, thus causing the symptoms to be prolonged and unhealed. In contrast, many insidious depressions cannot be detected and diagnosed in time, and this type is mostly characterized by somatic discomfort, while depressive mood is not obvious. They mostly turn to medical and surgical departments for treatment and do many unnecessary tests, and some of them are misdiagnosed. This is more common in China due to the large number of taboo about mental illness or psychiatric disorders in our country. The recommended cases of depression identification depression due to its own unique nature determines that it is impossible to be handed over to the doctor and then wait for recovery like other diseases, especially some major depression or depression with psychotic symptoms, the patients themselves have incomplete self-awareness and simply cannot take the initiative to cooperate with the treatment, at the same time, some patients’ families feel it is a matter of shame because they do not want to mention these symptoms At the same time, some patients’ family members are reluctant to mention these symptoms and feel ashamed of them, thus deliberately deceiving the physician and causing underestimation of the disease. When I first started my independent clinic, I saw a very impressive patient who came into the clinic with an anxious expression, and after sitting down, he told me about his distress and stress. The behavior was serious and affected his relationship with his supervisor and surrounding students as a result, which exacerbated his uneasiness. The family kept talking about his past in the evening, about how good he was, how he excelled, how he demanded perfection, and then about their family’s glory and the family’s expectations of the patient. The family’s statements convinced me of my judgment: compulsive personality (also called perfection), and the patient’s symptom descriptions perfectly matched the diagnostic criteria of obsessive thinking and compulsive behavior, and as for the patient’s anxiety, we can also well explain it as anxiety present in compulsions. The psychiatric examination allowed me to exclude the diagnosis of schizophrenia, but this state of the patient did not allow me to be completely reassured, so I asked him if he was affected emotionally, at which point the family interrupted and snatched, “He eats well and sleeps well, he just wants it too badly.” The patient himself also avoided answering this question. I let my guard down as a result. I prescribed some anti-compulsive medication and combined it with a little clonazepam to relieve his anxiety, and a week later a phone call completely overturned my diagnosis: the patient had committed suicide! The patient had taken all the clonazepam he could get! Fortunately the patient was transported to the hospital in a timely manner and because the patient had only taken 10 clonazepam tablets, it was not life threatening, except for the patient’s loss of recent memory due to the cognitive damage caused by clonazepam. The patient’s family only told me the truth in a phone call to me. In actuality, the patient had slashed his wrists and other self-inflicted injuries before this, but the parents deliberately concealed the diagnosis of depression for fear that it would affect his school and work. At around 8:00 pm, I rushed from home to the hospital’s emergency department and did a detailed questioning of his medical history again, and found that in fact his main problem at the moment was depression caused by a sense of falling short! Of course we cannot deny the diagnosis of OCD, but I made a lapse of judgment in the order of priority and focus of treatment, and their family regretted it because of it.