Gallbladder stones are a common and quite dangerous disease. Many studies have confirmed obesity, age, female gender, multiple births, family history, and race as its main risk factors. Recently, insulin resistance-related hormones, characterized by disorders of glucolipid metabolism, have also been found to be risk factors for gallbladder stones, but there is also much controversy. The relationship between gallbladder stones and diabetes mellitus has always been important to clinicians. Many studies have suggested that diabetes is a risk factor for gallbladder stone formation, but the correlation between the two is still controversial. Currently, it is believed that insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders and autonomic neuropathy caused by diabetes are all high-risk factors for the formation of gallbladder stones, among which insulin resistance is the central link in the occurrence of gallbladder stones and insulin resistance plays an important role in the process of gallbladder stone formation. The mechanism of insulin-induced gallbladder stone formation is not clear. The increase in blood cholesterol and the corresponding increase in bile cholesterol promote the formation of gallbladder stones. In addition, it has been reported that insulin increases the calcium ion content in bile and the secretion of mucopolysaccharide-like mucus-like substances by the gallbladder, which increases the saturation index of bile. The relationship between lipid metabolism and gallbladder stones: abnormal lipid metabolism is a more certain risk factor for gallbladder stones. However, the role of lipid metabolism disorders in the formation of gallbladder stones varies from study to study. Univariate and multifactorial analyses suggest that reduced HDL cholesterol is a risk factor for the development of gallbladder stones. Patients with gallbladder stones not only have high risk factors for gallbladder stones such as hyperlipidemia, but also have defects in protective factors. It has been reported in the literature that HDL cholesterol is a lithoprotective factor in the body which may inhibit cholesterol synthesis, especially transporting cholesterol from surrounding tissues including arterial walls to the liver for metabolism, and that reduced HDL cholesterol promotes gallbladder stone formation. The relationship between other factors and gallbladder stones: elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure is a risk factor for gallbladder stones, and elevated body mass index is a risk factor for gallbladder stones. Increased blood pressure, obesity and insulin resistance have a very close relationship, and insulin resistance plays an important role in the formation of gallbladder stones. In addition, obese people have delayed bile evacuation, which can contribute to the occurrence of gallbladder stones. In conclusion, we believe that diabetes mellitus, increased systolic blood pressure, decreased HDL cholesterol and obesity are independent risk factors for gallbladder stone formation. Therefore, prevention of gallbladder stones should be achieved by controlling diabetes, reducing body weight, controlling blood pressure, and adjusting blood lipids.