Children growing up, it is inevitable that fever and cold, often leaving parents at a loss, now briefly introduce some care options, can be a reference for parents. 1, fever: children with fever, is a common, frequent disease. General normal body temperature between 36.0-37.0 ℃. But infants and young children are active, exercise, eating, crying often lead to increased body temperature, usually not more than 37.5 ℃, this time there is no need to reduce fever, drink more water, quiet more will return to normal. Disease-induced fever often exceeds 38.0 ℃, the general care will not be restored, this time the need for antipyretic treatment. It should be noted that infants under 3 years of age can be more than 38.5 ℃ before treatment with medication. Children with fever over 39.0 ℃ must be treated with medication, and care should be treated differently. Pre-fever, the child’s hands and feet are cold, should pay attention to warmth, can be injected into a small bag of warm water to keep warm; and after the temperature rises, need to pay attention to not excessive warmth. Parents often put on more clothes after the child’s fever, sweating, which often leads to high fever is not easy to subside. It is recommended to drink more hot water after applying antipyretic drugs, so that sweating is more effective. 2, cough: infants and young children are common respiratory diseases, its main symptom is cough, cough sputum. Most of the children at night cough aggravation, care to keep the indoor air clean and moist, reduce the smoke on the respiratory tract stimulation, if there are smokers at home, it is recommended to temporarily stop smoking, or leave the room and then smoking. Smoke can increase irritation and aggravate the condition. Young children cough will also affect sleep, because lying down can cause respiratory secretions retained trachea, aggravate the symptoms, if you maintain an upright position, can be relieved. When the child’s cough is too heavy to sleep, you can pick up the child and let the child fall asleep on the shoulder. Asthma can be cared for in this way except during an attack. In addition, infants and young children cough often cause vomiting, parents do not need to panic, this is the cough caused by increased abdominal pressure, do not need treatment. This is a result of the increased abdominal pressure caused by the cough and does not require treatment. The cough will clear up on its own when it subsides. However, care should be taken to avoid food inhalation and choking during vomiting. It is necessary to keep infants and young children in an upright or side-lying position to avoid unnecessary danger. 3, gastrointestinal diseases: infants and young children with imperfect digestive function, often have digestive problems, common indigestion, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, etc., as well as infectious diseases, such as dysentery. Nursing should be treated differently: (1) indigestion. Common loose stools, visible food residue, mostly in infants under 1 year old. Generally do not need special treatment, adjust the feeding recipes or with the growth of young children can be self-cured; (2) loss of appetite. This disease is most common in infants and young children after weaning, and can be caused by unaccustomed to eating, weak digestive ability, improper feeding and other reasons. Generally speaking, infants and young children should start eating non-dairy food during the breastfeeding period, starting with easy-to-digest, light-flavored food such as egg yolks and rice pudding, and try to change from a single to a multiple, and from a small amount to a large amount, and gradually transitioning to weaning at about one year of age. If this process is ignored or carried out quickly, it will easily lead to indigestion in infants and young children, which will in turn lead to a decrease in appetite and even a refusal to eat non-dairy foods. In addition, eating a large amount of all kinds of small foods will also affect the appetite and digestive function, resulting in loss of appetite or anorexia. In addition to drug treatment, these children must scientifically formulate nutritional recipes, which should be nutritious and easy to digest while taking into account a variety of forms, and it is recommended to eat small meals, otherwise the effect of drug treatment will be greatly affected. (3) Abdominal distension and abdominal pain. This disease can be divided into two kinds: pathological and physiological. Pathologic abdominal distension, abdominal pain can be seen in intestinal obstruction, appendicitis, gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal diseases, as well as allergic purpura and other systemic diseases, should be promptly treated in the hospital, will not be discussed here, and the care of the doctor’s orders. The more common clinical mostly belongs to non-pathologic. With the improvement of living standards, infants and young children are greatly enriched recipes, due to the lack of self-control ability of infants and young children, and parents out of care for their children, often resulting in children overeating, or a large number of cold, gas-containing food, all of the above can be caused by the frequent occurrence of abdominal pain, abdominal distension. At this time, care can be with hot compresses or abdominal massage, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, to be discharged after the food can be improved. Medication at the same time, must strictly restrict the diet, otherwise it is very easy to relapse. (4) Vomiting. Infants, breastfeeding often appear after the phenomenon of vomiting, this is the process of breastfeeding inhalation of gas caused by the general need for treatment, can be breastfeeding the baby’s head to the mother’s shoulders for a few minutes, or patting the back, and then lying down when the baby hiccups to expel the gas, you can avoid vomiting milk. If the above treatment is ineffective, should go to the hospital to check whether there is gastric torsion and other digestive disorders, targeted treatment. (5) Constipation. Infants and young children due to feeding methods and different physical conditions, constipation often occurs, usually see the stool 2-3 days or longer a line, stool or dry or ball-shaped hard stool, defecation is difficult, can be accompanied by anal fissure, infants and young children cause great pain, and even actively refuse to defecate. At the same time, it may be accompanied by loss of appetite, bad breath, abdominal pain, vomiting and so on. If the frequency of bowel movement is low and the stool is soft and easy to pass, it should not be diagnosed as constipation and can be improved by adjusting the food structure. If constipation occurs, it is recommended that parents do not force the child to defecate, can be used to open the plug or bar of soap into the anus to guide the defecation, and at the same time through dietary modification, increase the intake of dietary fiber. Generally through the adjustment, most young children can be self-healing. It should be noted that, first, do not let the child form the habit of relying on laxative drugs, and secondly, avoid oral laxatives, usually bought by the pharmacy laxatives belong to the cold category, which will affect the function of the digestive system of young children, and can not achieve the therapeutic effect. If the above methods fail to cure, you need to go to the hospital. Suggested to the Chinese medicine pediatrics treatment, for this kind of disease, Chinese medicine has more methods. (6) Diarrhea. Diarrhea is relatively common in infants and young children, and can be divided into physiological and pathological. Physiology includes infants excreting loose stools, can reach 6 times a day (newborns), as the child grows up, digestive function and food gradually rich, the number of bowel movements gradually reduced, the stool quality becomes dry, and gradually formed soft stools, a line a day. Pathological diarrhea includes enteritis, dysentery and digestive dysfunction diarrhea. If the diarrhea is accompanied by fever, vomiting and other symptoms, in the drug treatment at the same time, need to pay attention to a few points: the first need to control the diet, food should be soft, easy to digest, the amount should be small, do not be afraid of the child will be hungry. If the diet is large, not easy to digest, often the stomach and intestines do not get enough rest, resulting in delayed, counterproductive. Secondly, we should fully replenish water. Acute diarrhea is easy to cause dehydration, so drinking water is very important, can not rely entirely on infusion adjustment. Generally, you can take warm water by mouth, and if necessary, you can take oral rehydration solution, which is available in pharmacies, and you can use it according to the instructions, or add a little bit of salt and sugar to the warm water. If the child is chronic diarrhea, delayed for a long time, in accordance with the doctor’s instructions for treatment at the same time, the diet should pay attention to nutrient-rich, easy to digest and absorb, the temperature is appropriate, small meals, reduce the gastrointestinal tract of the stimulus. If the smaller baby diarrhea, pay attention not to continue to add supplemental food, maintain the current diet, to be cured before considering the addition of supplemental food. The above is the home care of common diseases in infants and children. I hope it can give parents some help.