Vulvar leukoplakia, also known as vulvar white lesion and vulvar dystrophy, is a chronic female vaginal dystrophy disease, which has a great relationship with the patient’s autoimmune disease, and vulvar leukoplakia is one of the world’s most difficult diseases. The vulvar leukoplakia is a large group of chronic diseases due to degeneration and pigmentation of female vulvar skin and mucous membrane tissue. The most common type of white vulvar lesion is squamous epithelial hyperplasia of the vulva, whose main symptom is itching of the vulva, and it is common in women aged 30-60; there is another type of disease called vulvar sclerosing moss, which is characterized by atrophy and thinning of the skin of the vulva and perineum, and hypopigmentation and whitening, which can occur at any age, but is most common in menopausal women and adolescent girls, and also in young girls. The main symptom is also itching of the vulva, but it is less severe than squamous epithelial hyperplasia. Both diseases have an unclear etiology and may be related to the following factors: genetics, autoimmunity, sex hormone deficiency or decreased sex hormone receptors. Squamous epithelial hyperplasia of the vulva may be associated with moist vulva and chronic irritation of secretions leading to itching and repeated scratching of the vulva, and pathological histological examination is required to confirm the diagnosis of both diseases. They are treated in roughly the same way, with hormonal drugs or physical and surgical treatment. There are other types of vulvar skin diseases that can also cause vulvar leukoplakia, such as vitiligo, albinism and some other causes of vulvar hypopigmentation. There are many causes of vulvar leukoplakia, and it is important to find out the cause of the disease before treating it.