Prosthetic valves are divided into two categories: mechanical and biological valves. The type of prosthetic valve used in valve replacement surgery should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. The patient’s age, occupation, physical and mental status, the patient’s opinion on valve selection, the patient’s myocardial condition, and the patient’s ability to receive long-term anticoagulation therapy should be considered. Compared with mechanical valves, biologic valves have good hemodynamics, a low thromboembolic rate, and some patients may not require long-term anticoagulation, but the greatest disadvantage of biologic valves is their poor durability. Mechanical valves have good durability, but at present, they require lifelong anticoagulation for the patient after implantation in the heart, regardless of the material used. Biologic valves are mainly used in the following patients: Sun Zongquan, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital Women of childbearing age who wish to become pregnant In terms of age, biologic valves should be preferred in patients over 60 years of age, and mechanical valves are preferred in patients under 50 years of age to ensure their durability and avoid calcification of biologic valves in adolescents Patients with bleeding qualities and bleeding disorders and other reasons that preclude long-term anticoagulation therapy Depending on the patient’s economic and health care conditions The tricuspid valve has the highest rate of thromboembolism of any valve replacement embolism, which may be related to the low pressure and slow blood flow at this site. Clinical observations show that the rate of thromboembolism in the tricuspid valve is highest in the disc valve, followed by the ball valve, and lowest in the biologic valve, making the biologic valve ideal for valve replacement in the tricuspid valve. With the advancement of the whole cardiac surgery and extracorporeal circulation technology, the safety of valve surgery has been significantly improved. The early mortality rate for valve replacement surgery at our institution in the last 5 years was about 1.5%. The main risk factors for valve replacement surgery are: the patient’s physical status before surgery, mainly cardiac compensatory function and pulmonary vascular disease; and additional cardiac surgery, such as valve replacement with coronary artery bypass surgery. At present, it is not very difficult to reoperate even if the patient is older or.