Gallbladder cancer refers to malignant tumors originating from the gallbladder in general. Histological types: adenocarcinoma is the most common (>80%). Because of its high malignancy, early metastasis, not easy to detect early, high recurrence rate and insensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, its prognosis is extremely poor, so it is especially important to understand the causes of its development, timely medical examination and prevention. Xue Jianfeng, Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Liver Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University The causes of gallbladder cancer are various, but the most common predisposing factors are gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps. Gallstones: Gallstones are the most common risk factor for gallbladder cancer. Gallstones are formed by cholesterol, or bile pigments and other components. The chances of gallbladder cancer occurring after 5 to 20 years of asymptomatic gallbladder stones range from 10% to 50%, and some studies have shown that 30% to 80% of gallbladder cancer cases are combined with gallbladder stones. For gallstones less than 10mm, the chance of cancer is low, but the incidence of acute pancreatitis is very high; for stones over 20mm in diameter, the incidence of gallbladder cancer can be as high as 3% to 15%. Most gallbladder polyps are formed by small gallstones or cholesterol crystals embedded in, adhering to, or hanging from the gallbladder wall, and can also be composed of small true tumors or inflammation. Polyp with diameter less than 1cm is rarely malignant, so it only needs to be observed. Polyps over 10mm have the possibility of malignant transformation, therefore, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is recommended at the right time. Chronic cholecystitis and porcelain gallbladder: recurrent chronic cholecystitis, gallbladder wall thickening and atrophic cholecystitis are not easily distinguished from gallbladder cancer and are also one of the high-risk factors for gallbladder cancer; porcelain gallbladder refers to gallbladder wall by fibrin or calcium deposits, which also increases the risk of gallbladder cancer. At least such a gallbladder no longer has any function, so surgical removal is also recommended. Anatomical abnormality: abnormal biliopancreatic confluence means: abnormal anatomical mechanism connecting the confluence of bile duct (which carries bile from liver and gallbladder) and pancreatic duct (which secretes external digestive fluid from pancreas), usually abnormal confluence of pancreatic fluid, intestinal fluid and bile, resulting in changes in the wall of bile duct and forming choledochal cyst, which has been scientifically proven to be up to 17% cancerous. Other environmental factors, industrial pollution, etc. are also one of the possible causes of gallbladder cancer. Therefore, the prevention of gallbladder cancer includes removing symptomatic, larger gallbladder stones that have been carried for a long time and combined with polyps, removing atrophic, filled, porcelain, and other non-functional gallbladder, removing larger or rapidly developing gallbladder polyps, and doing regular review for those with family history of gallbladder cancer or predisposing factors. We strive to achieve early prevention, early detection and early treatment.