The etiology of this disease is not fully understood and is considered to be related to a variety of factors, and there is no single theory that can fully explain all the manifestations of AS. It is likely that the disease is an autoimmune disease caused by environmental factors (including infection) based on genetic factors, and the immunological examination of patients often indicates HLA-B27 positivity (the HLA-B27 positivity rate of AS patients is as high as 90%-96%, while the HLA-B27 positivity rate of the general population is only 4%-9%). Therefore, it lacks effective treatment and is often referred to as the “undead cancer” by patients. Because the cause is unknown, the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis has lacked effective treatment for a long time in the past, and there is no effective therapy to stop the progression of the disease. Only symptomatic pain relief, or the use of hormones or immunosuppressants in patients with the condition, and education of patients and families to maintain normal posture and optimal functional position to prevent deformity. However, in recent years, with the increasing understanding of the pathological inflammatory mechanisms of ankylosing spondylitis, a new biological agent (anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) for the control and relief of the disease has been introduced and has shown good results in rigorous clinical trials.