Modern medicine has researched duodenal ulcers very thoroughly and many therapeutic drugs have been designed and invented. But the truly revolutionary change in treatment was the discovery that H. pylori is the cause of duodenal ulcers, and therefore anti-H. pylori therapy is the primary method of curing duodenal ulcers. Since there is no single drug that can eradicate H. pylori, expert research has resulted in the use of multiple drug combinations, one of which is a combination of lazoles (omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, etc.) that inhibit gastric acid secretion and increase the sensitivity of H. pylori to drugs, and a bismuth-containing preparation (bismuth potassium citrate or colloidal bismuth) that is anti-H. pylori and protects the mucosa. Two antibiotics (two of amoxicillin, metronidazole, clarithromycin, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, and furazolidone) are also prescribed. Although the principle is simple, the selection and combination of drugs is flexible depending on the patient’s specific situation, such as whether they have been treated in the past, which drugs they have used, and whether they have allergies or other underlying diseases. The principle is to strive for the maximum possible eradication effect and avoid subsequent drug resistance, as antibiotic applications are more common in China and drug resistance is more prevalent, so antimicrobial therapy should be carried out after careful evaluation. Patients are not advised to take drugs of their own choice. Even after anti-H. pylori treatment has eradicated the bacteria, patients with duodenal ulcer may still have abdominal pain, bloating, and acid reflux for some time. The principle of symptomatic treatment should be applied, with some lazoles, H2 receptor antagonists (famotidine, ranitidine, etc.); mucosal protective agents (magnesium aluminocarbonate, gefaltepar, tiopresidone, etc.) symptomatic treatment. Therefore, the drug treatment of duodenal ulcer requires individualized plan according to the patient’s condition and long-term adherence, so as to achieve the best results.