In the prevention and treatment of hepatitis C, “three early” is the key, i.e. early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. Although hepatitis C has serious consequences, it is more easily cured than hepatitis B as long as systematic and standardized treatment is adhered to. After treatment with pegylated interferon alpha-2a in combination with ribavirin, 60% to 70% of patients can obtain effective clearance of the virus. Data from the study also showed that patients with hepatitis C who achieved a sustained virological response after treatment with these methods were followed up to an average of 4 years after discontinuation of the drug, and 99% of the patients remained consistently negative for viral RNA and were cured of the disease, a much higher cure rate than for hepatitis B. In patients with hepatitis C, the majority of younger patients, without significant cirrhosis, with high transaminase levels, and in the immune clearance phase, have better outcomes with interferon. However, regardless of whether the transaminases are elevated, anyone who is found to be infected with hepatitis C should receive treatment. Although the hepatitis C virus can be cleared, 10% to 15% of patients will develop refractory hepatitis C in clinical practice. This means that patients who have been treated with interferon and whose hepatitis C virus has recurred are considered refractory. This is related to the irregularity of medication, insufficient dosage of interferon, short course of treatment, poor patient compliance, some patients stop medication because they cannot tolerate the side effects of interferon, and some patients even stop medication for less than six months before they relapse. We also found that many patients with refractory hepatitis C often do not know anything about their previous interferon treatment, which sets a barrier for doctors to develop the next treatment plan. The prevention and treatment of refractory hepatitis C has received a lot of attention from the medical community. There are better solutions available, such as increasing the dose of interferon, extending the course of treatment, and individualizing the treatment plan according to the patient’s specific needs. However, all of this must be based on a close relationship between the patient and the doctor.