Thyroid cancer is a malignant tumor of the thyroid gland and is the most common endocrine malignancy. With the continuous improvement of diagnostic techniques, high-resolution ultrasonography, CT, MRI, and thyroid needle aspiration biopsy, many thyroid cancers have been diagnosed and treated early. Thyroid cancer can be classified into four types according to pathological types: papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma. Papillary and follicular carcinomas are not very malignant and are usually curable. However, undifferentiated thyroid cancer is highly malignant and has a very poor prognosis. Papillary carcinoma: It is the most common type of thyroid cancer with low malignancy and is usually a single lesion. It is the most common type of thyroid cancer and is usually a single lesion. Lobectomy with isthmus resection on one side is the minimal surgical procedure for unilateral thyroid cancer treatment. Total thyroidectomy is performed when the lesion involves both lobes, when the lesion is larger than 4 cm, when there is a history of radiation to the neck, when there are bilateral cervical lymph node metastases, and when the tumor is locally advanced. The rate of cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary carcinoma is very high, and cervical lymphatic dissection surgery is an effective treatment for cervical lymph node metastasis in thyroid cancer. Follicular carcinoma: moderate malignancy, single lesion, mainly hematogenous metastasis. If the tumor is limited to the thyroid lobe, only thyroidectomy can be performed; if lymph node metastasis in the neck has been diagnosed, cervical lymph node dissection should be performed at the same time. When distant metastasis occurs, the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes should be removed, and the distant metastatic lesion can be left for iodine 131 treatment later. For differentiated thyroid cancer (papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma), surgery is the main treatment, supplemented by endocrine therapy and radioactive iodine therapy. As with other malignant tumors, thyroid cancer must be followed up and reviewed regularly after surgery. Differentiated thyroid cancer has a slow progression, good prognosis and low mortality rate, with a five-year relative survival rate of 95% according to the literature.