Chronic HBV (hepatitis B virus) carriers and inactive HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) carriers: Chronic HBV carriers are in the immune tolerance period, and in general, patients have no inflammatory activity in the liver or only mild inflammation, and antiviral therapy for patients in this period is ineffective, so antiviral treatment is not recommended at present.141 However, a significant proportion of patients in the immune tolerance period will develop hepatitis activity in adulthood with the breakdown of immune tolerance. break down will develop hepatitis activity . Therefore, HBV carriers should undergo liver function, AFP, abdominal ultrasound, and noninvasive liver fibrosis tests every 3-6 months, and liver biopsy if necessary, and treatment should be initiated in a timely manner if antiviral treatment indications are met. Antiviral therapy is also not recommended for inactive HBsAg carriers, but these patients have the possibility of developing HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B and are still at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in long-term follow-up, so routine blood, liver function, virology, AFP, abdominal ultrasound and non-invasive liver fibrosis examination are recommended to be performed every 6 months. Treatment should also be initiated promptly if indications for antiviral therapy are met.