Allopurinol tablets are recommended for long-term use in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout for a period of at least 6 months. The decrease in blood uric acid concentration begins 24 hours after oral administration and is most pronounced at 2-4 weeks. Allopurinol can cause adverse reactions in the skin and mucous membranes, and can also have adverse effects on other systems, including liver function and the hematopoietic system, so regular monitoring of blood uric acid levels, liver and kidney function, and blood count is required during the course of treatment, and the dose should be adjusted according to the level of uric acid and the effectiveness of treatment. Treatment usually requires blood uric acid levels to be controlled below 360 umol/L, and below 300 umol/L if gout stones are present. When the patient’s blood uric acid is controlled at a stable level for a long time, allopurinol can be considered to be reduced to a maintenance dose. Discontinuation of allopurinol may be attempted in only a few patients on the basis of strict dietary control and lifestyle modification. In addition, allopurinol tablets are advised to be used with caution in allergic individuals and to be avoided in those with clear hepatic insufficiency. Allopurinol has a low impact on renal function, so it can be used in patients with mild renal insufficiency and poor acid-removal therapy, but patients with moderate to severe renal insufficiency need to reduce the dose.