Hepatitis B is a common type of viral hepatitis, about 300 million people around the world are infected with hepatitis B virus, and the rate of hepatitis B surface antigen positive carriers in China reaches about 120 million people, and about 30 million patients with chronic hepatitis B. Among them, some patients may develop cirrhosis or liver cancer, which is a serious threat to the health of our people. He Yongwen of the Department of Infection at Wuhan Union Medical College Hospital is often found to have hepatitis B only during a health checkup. Many people are confused: I usually pay special attention to hygiene, never share utensils and supplies with others, and have never had a blood transfusion, so how did I get hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is transmitted mainly through blood transfusion, injection with non-disposable syringes, mother-infant and sexual contact. Those who have never had a blood transfusion and have no history of exposure to hepatitis B are likely to have contracted hepatitis B from the use of non-disposable syringes or blood collection needles during your previous injections. To date, there is still no specific drug that can cure hepatitis B completely. But with the development of medical science research, the treatment of hepatitis B with better efficacy of new drugs continue to appear, in addition to interferon, in recent years used in clinical lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, tipifudin, tenofovir, etc. have better efficacy, especially entecavir and tenofovir, good efficacy, low resistance rate. Even so, there are still some patients who have difficulty controlling the progression of their disease. The best approach is, of course, to prevent infection with hepatitis B, especially in newborns and in people who are not yet infected with hepatitis B. The hepatitis B vaccine is a panacea for interrupting the spread of hepatitis B. China successfully developed a blood-borne hepatitis B vaccine for transfusion in 1985, followed by a successful genetically engineered vaccine. After more than 20 years of use, the hepatitis B vaccine has been proven to be safe and effective. The use results show that the genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine developed by China not only avoids some of the shortcomings of the blood-borne hepatitis B vaccine, but also has a significantly better protective effect than the blood-borne hepatitis B vaccine. At present, the program of hepatitis B vaccination is usually three injections at intervals, the so-called 0, 1, 6 program. That is, after the initial injection, another injection is given at 1 month and another at 6 months. More than 85% of those who receive the full 3-dose vaccination can produce specific antibodies with protective effect, i.e. anti-HBs, and the survey results show that after receiving the full 3-dose hepatitis B vaccine at one time, the protection period can be 7~9 years. In other words, a booster can be given 7 to 9 years after vaccination. However, there are a few people who do not produce specific antibodies after vaccination, why is this? There may be three cases: first, the level of specific antibodies produced is very low, which is not detected by the commonly used methods or lasts for a very short time and is not detected; second, because the dose of hepatitis B vaccine received is not enough; third, the immune dysfunction of the body. Therefore, it is advocated that for the first case, another booster vaccination can be given. For the second case, a 4th dose or double dose of hepatitis B vaccine can be given, and cellular immune adjuvants such as BCG, interleukin 2, etc. can also be used to improve the organism’s responsiveness. So, who needs hepatitis B vaccination and who does not need it? In general, hepatitis B vaccination is required for newborns and those who are all negative for all three lines of hepatitis B. Especially for newborns whose mothers are infected with the hepatitis B virus, it is best to combine the hepatitis B vaccine with hepatitis B highly effective immunoglobulin to protect the newborn more effectively. Data show that the combination of hepatitis B HVP immune globulin, given immediately within 24 hours of birth, with the hepatitis B vaccine 0, 1, and 6 regimen can protect more than 90% of infants from hepatitis B virus infection. High-valency hepatitis B high-valency immune globulin provides early protection from hepatitis B virus infection and does not interfere with active immunity produced by the stimulation of the hepatitis B vaccine. For those who are positive for more than one of the three lines of hepatitis B, those who are immunocompromised, and those with AIDS, there is generally no need for additional hepatitis B vaccination. Since the launch of large-scale hepatitis B vaccination nationwide, the rate of hepatitis B virus infection in newborns has dropped significantly, regardless of the type of hepatitis B of the mother. 2006 epidemiological survey showed that the rate of hepatitis B virus infection in children under 5 years of age has dropped to less than 1.5% from more than 9% obtained in the 1992 survey. Especially in big cities, the decrease is more obvious due to the high vaccination rate. Therefore, it is foreseeable that as long as universal vaccination against hepatitis B is carried out consistently, after several generations, hepatitis B in China will be greatly reduced or even disappear.