If pre-pregnancy screening for HBV serologic markers is negative in women of childbearing age, it is best to receive the hepatitis B vaccine (10 μg or 20 μg) before pregnancy. The vaccine has no significant adverse effects on the pregnant woman or the fetus, and the pregnancy can continue during the vaccination period, and the full course of vaccination must be completed. For HBsAg-negative pregnant women whose husbands and other family members are HBsAg-positive, HBIG treatment is preferable for newborns, as close contact can increase the risk of HBV infection in newborns. Semen does not cause HBV infection in the fetus. HBIG is a blood product and must be administered after informed consent is completed and signed prior to maternal delivery (to avoid delay). HBIG must be available in obstetrics and gynecology wards so that high-risk newborns born at night, on weekends or on holidays can receive formal prophylaxis in a timely manner. HBV may be present on the skin surface of newborns of HBV-infected mothers, and it is important to clean and adequately disinfect the skin before treating the damaged skin and to pre-inject HBIG before other treatments, etc. Amniocentesis of HBV-infected pregnant women who are HBeAg negative does not increase the risk of HBV infection in the newborn. If HBeAg is negative, it does not increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV in the newborn; if HBeAg is positive, whether it increases the risk of HBV infection in the fetus is yet to be confirmed by further studies.