Postpartum depression is a depression that occurs specifically in women during the special period after childbirth and is caused by three main factors: sex hormones, psychological changes and social role changes. The prevalence of postpartum depression in our country is 14.7%, and it is a disease rather than a simple emotional problem. Data from several epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that depressive symptoms are more frequent in women in the postpartum period. Individuals with a prior history of depressive disorder are at similarly higher risk for recurrence of depression in the postpartum period. There is also evidence that in many cases of postpartum depression, depressive symptoms emerge during pregnancy and are carried over into the postpartum period. Women with bipolar disorder are at extremely high risk of developing postpartum depression after delivery, with approximately half of all mothers having clinically typical postpartum depressive episode symptoms. What are the characteristics of postpartum depression? The first is the high prevalence. The internationally accepted figure is 10%-15%, and some even reach 30%. Some Chinese data vary widely, but the average is 14.7%, which is consistent with the international prevalence rate. The second is the low recognition rate. Many mothers lack knowledge in this area and do not consider postpartum depression as an illness, but as an emotional problem. In addition, the stigma is also a “roadblock”, and admitting that you are depressed is, in most people’s opinion, like admitting that you are crazy. In China, doctors are mainly concerned with the physical recovery of the mother, but the mental health of the mother is often neglected. The poor knowledge of clinicians about postpartum depression is also one of the reasons for its low recognition rate. The third is the seriousness of the consequences. The greatest risk of depression is suicide, and postpartum depression is no different, as suicides are common. The worst is the “extended suicide” that occurs after postpartum depression, that is, the mother kills her child before committing suicide, and this kind of tragedy has been reported time and again. What are the clinical manifestations of postpartum depression? 1, is depressed mood: often cry for no reason, the mood has been in a low state, and has the characteristics of morning light and evening heavy. 2, is the loss of interest and sense of pleasure. 3, is a lack of concentration, memory loss, slow thinking. 4. is a sense of fatigue, which cannot be recovered even after a long period of bed rest. 5. is self-blame, low self-esteem, guilt, and pessimism. 6. It is a decrease in activity and reluctance to go out. 7. is no hope for the future, and even thoughts of light or extended suicide. 8.It is difficult to fall asleep and wake up easily. Appetite, weight, decreased libido, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, etc. For where to appear postpartum depression, the first is biological factors, women can experience drastic and unique physiological changes after childbirth, which plays a role as a trigger factor for the appearance of depressive symptoms. Secondly, psychological and social factors. Becoming a mother is a major life event, and with the arrival of a baby comes social and economic constraints, especially for low-income families. How to treat postpartum depression when the causes and clinical sequences are clearly identified? Treatment options vary from general counseling to psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy, to the use of antidepressant medications to alleviate episodes of severe illness in patients. Postpartum women may be reluctant to take antidepressants, especially if they are breastfeeding. The decision to breastfeed or use antidepressants must be made with the results of an individualized risk-benefit analysis.