The later stages of myelodysplastic syndrome are characterized by severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, bleeding, infection, and even skin bleeding, including internal bleeding, such as in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and intracranial area. In the later stages of myelodysplastic syndrome, there is usually more severe leukopenia, and patients may develop serious infections, such as lung infections, gastrointestinal infections and urinary tract infections, and skin and soft tissue infections, which are usually difficult to control and lead to infectious shock or even death. Because of the suppression of hematopoietic function, patients may develop more severe anemia. Many patients come to the hospital with hematocrit of only 1-2 g/L, that is, hemoglobin values between 10-20 g/L. Patients have a poor quality of life and are prone to fatigue and weakness. Bleeding is mainly manifested in the nasal cavity, oral mucosa, and respiratory hemoptysis, cough, blood in sputum, and even major asphyxia. Gastrointestinal bleeding is generally rare, and many patients mainly show black stools, and the most important case is the presence of cranio-cerebral hemorrhage, which is generally difficult to treat and often leads to the patient’s death.