Hepatitis B vaccination for newborns is given as early as possible, within 24 hours of birth. The site of vaccination for newborns is within the lateral muscle of the anterior thigh. The protection rate of hepatitis B vaccine alone to interrupt mother-to-child transmission is 87.8%. For newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers, hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) should be administered as early as possible within 24 h of birth, preferably within 12 h of birth, at a dose of ≥100 IU, along with 10 μg of recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine or 20 μg of Chinese hamster oocyte (CHO) hepatitis B vaccine at different sites, to significantly improve the efficacy of interruption of mother-to-child transmission. Alternatively, one dose of HBIG can be given within 12 h of birth, followed by a second dose of HBIG 1 month later, and a second and third dose of hepatitis B vaccine (10 μg recombinant yeast or 20 μg CHO hepatitis B vaccine) given at different sites at 1 and 6 months intervals, respectively. The latter is less convenient than the former, but its protection rate is higher than the former. Newborns can be breastfed by HBsAg-positive mothers after receiving HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine within 12 h of birth. Newborns of HBsAg-negative mothers can be immunized with 5 μg recombinant yeast or 10 μg CHO hepatitis B vaccine; children who were not vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine during the neonatal period should be given a catch-up dose of 5 μg recombinant yeast or 10 μg CHO hepatitis B vaccine. For those who are immunocompromised or non-responders, the vaccination dose and number of doses should be increased; for those who do not respond to the 3-dose immunization program, 3 more doses can be administered, and the anti-HBs in the serum should be tested 1 to 2 months after the second 3-dose hepatitis B vaccination. The protective effect of hepatitis B vaccination for those who have antibody response generally lasts at least 12 years, therefore, the general population does not need anti-HBs monitoring or Therefore, the general population does not need anti-HBs monitoring or booster immunization. However, anti-HBs monitoring can be performed in high-risk groups, and if anti-HBs is <10 mIU/ml, booster immunization can be given.