Gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers are multi-morbid and chronic diseases, prone to recurrence, thus to truly cure ulcer disease, a more difficult and lasting course is needed, and the onset of ulcer disease, the severity of symptoms, and the healing of ulcer disease are closely related to the three meals a day, therefore, in addition to the active treatment of patients with medical personnel and timely medication, dietary therapy is one of the important measures indispensable in the comprehensive treatment. Although the sites and symptoms of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer are different, the principles of dietary therapy are the same, that is, to reduce the instability of vegetative nerves by limiting mechanical, chemical and warm stimuli in the diet, and to reduce the burden of stomach and intestines and protect the functions of stomach and duodenum by neutralizing and inhibiting the secretion of gastric juice through reasonable nutritional regulation and dietary cooking, so as to promote the healing of ulcer and prevent recurrence and the occurrence of complications.
So what are the problems that patients with gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer should pay attention to in the process of diet?
1, develop a reasonable diet system and good eating habits
Talk less when eating, do not read books and newspapers, television; do regular quantification, a small number of meals: regular meals, avoid too hungry and too full, the amount of each meal to have a basic ration. Eating too much will cause excessive expansion of the gastric sinus, increase secretion of gastrin, and increase gastric acid; eating too little, food can not fully neutralize gastric acid, ulcers can be stimulated by gastric acid and cause pain, and difficult to heal. In the acute phase of the attack, it is advisable to eat small amounts and many meals, and you can eat once every 2 hours during the day to make the change of acidity of gastric juice less. After the symptoms are controlled, the usual three meals a day should be resumed, while snacking or late-night snacking should be avoided, and do not lie down to rest after meals.
2.Advocate chewing and swallowing slowly, keep your mind relaxed and spirit stealing fast, avoid overeating
Because chewing can increase saliva secretion, and saliva into the stomach can not only neutralize gastric acid and protect the gastric mucosa, and its epidermal growth factor can inhibit gastric acid secretion and promote regeneration of gastric mucosa; pay attention to the mood of eating, avoid mental tension and emotional depression, otherwise it will cause gastric dysfunction, which is not conducive to ulcer healing; because overeating will destroy the rhythm of gastric acid secretion.
The acetaldehyde produced by alcohol in the body has a direct damaging effect on the gastric mucosa, and long-term alcohol abuse will weaken the barrier role of the gastric mucosa.
3, pay attention to the regularity of life, pay attention to climate change
Gastric ulcer patients should have a certain rule of life, not overly fatigued, overworked will not only affect the digestion of food, but also hinder the healing of ulcers.
Ulcer attack and climate change has a certain relationship, so ulcer patients must pay attention to climate change, according to the seasonal cold and warm, timely add and subtract clothing.
4, strengthen nutrition
The food should be easy to digest, contains enough heat, protein and vitamin-rich food, adequate nutrition can improve the general condition and promote the healing of ulcers.
(1) Ensure the supply of protein. Give sufficient protein is one of the important factors for ulcer healing, not less than 1 gram per kilogram of body weight per day, and easily digestible protein foods should be chosen, such as eggs, soy milk, tofu, young tofu, chicken, fish, lean meat, etc.. Beans also contain many top quality proteins, but beans are not easily digestible and must be cooked soft before consumption. Peas cooked lighter and fluffier, can also strengthen the stomach and intestines. If you have a bleeding ulcer, the protein supply should be increased during the remission period, and should be supplied at 1,5 grams per kilogram of body weight per day.
(2) Supply the right amount of fat. Fat does not need to be strictly limited, recent physiological studies have confirmed that of the three major nutrients, sugar, protein and fat, fat has the strongest ability to inhibit gastric acid. When a full meal after a high-fat diet, often prolong the time of hunger, the reason is that fatty food into the small intestine, can stimulate the intestinal wall to produce intestinal gastric inhibitors, through the blood circulation to reach the stomach, inhibit the release of a variety of enzymes, slowing down the digestion of food, thereby reducing the damage to the ulcer surface of the stomach. From this point of view, ulcer patients can eat some fat appropriately. However, too much can promote increased secretion of cholecystokinin and inhibit gastrointestinal motility because a high-fat diet inhibits gastric emptying, keeps food in the stomach too long, and promotes excessive gastric acid secretion; fat can also intensify bile reflux and aggravate the irritation of ulcers. Ulcer patients daily fat supply to 50 to 60 grams is appropriate, should choose easy to digest and absorb the cheese-like fat, such as cream, egg yolk, cheese, and moderate amount of vegetable oil.
(3) Carbohydrates should be sufficient. Carbohydrates neither inhibit gastric acid secretion nor stimulate gastric acid secretion, which can ensure adequate supply of calories. Can supply 300 to 35 0 grams per day, choose easy such as thick porridge, noodles, tons and other digestible food. Cane sugar should not be too much, because it can increase gastric acid secretion, and easy to flatulence, aggravate abdominal distension.
(4) vitamins are indispensable. The B group and vitamin C have the role of promoting ulcer healing. A six-year study conducted in the United States showed that increasing the amount of carotenoids in the diet may have the effect of preventing duodenal ulcers. People who consume more fruits and vegetables daily have a 33% lower chance of ulcers than those who consume less. Researchers have pointed out that the formation of ulcer disease, in addition to Helicobacter pylori infection, is also related to environmental factors in the intestinal tract, suggesting that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables can prevent ulcer disease.
5, in the acute activity of ulcer disease diet temperature should be appropriate, not too hot and cold.
Too hot food to stimulate the ulcer surface, causing pain, and even make the ulcer surface vasodilatation and bleeding; too cold food is not easy to digest, can aggravate the disease. Food temperature of 35 ℃ is appropriate.
6, adjust the type and taste of food
Try to choose high nutritional value, fine and soft, easy to digest food, such as: eggs, refined white flour, soy milk, fish, lean meat, etc.. Choose fruits and vegetables containing little fiber, such as young cucumbers, young eggplants, young cabbage leaves, tomatoes (peeled and seeded), winter squash, carrots and ripe apples, peaches and pears.
Quit stimulating food: coffee, wine, gravy, chili, mustard, pepper, etc.; quit acidic food: fruits with high acidity, such as: pineapple, willow, orange, kumquat, grapefruit, wintan, grapes, etc.; quit gas-producing food: such as beer, Sprite, cola and other carbonated beverages, as well as potatoes, groundnuts, raw onions, raw garlic, raw radish, garlic seedlings, etc.; limit multi-crumb food Avoid frying, deep-fried food and crude fiber containing more More celery, leeks, bean sprouts, ham, bacon, dried fish and a variety of coarse grains.
Foods that are too hard such as fried rice and roasted meat, glutinous rice products such as rice cakes and dumplings, various desserts, cakes, fried foods and iced foods often cause discomfort to patients and should be chosen with care.
The nutritional community has been debating for years whether milk can be taken. Milk is delicious and nutritious, and was once considered an ideal beverage for patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers. However, recent studies have found that drinking milk for ulcer patients can aggravate the condition. This is because when milk first enters the stomach, it dilutes the concentration of gastric acid, easing the stimulation of gastric acid on gastric and duodenal ulcers, which can temporarily relieve epigastric discomfort. But after a few moments, because of the large amount of calcium ions contained in the milk, it is easy to stimulate the G-cells of the gastric sinus to secrete gastrin and produce more gastric acid, making the condition further aggravated. Therefore, patients with ulcer disease should not drink too much milk, especially yogurt.
7, appropriate control of some condiments, food should not be too acidic, too sweet or too salty, to light and refreshing.
The use of salt. Ulcer disease patients with reduced sodium metabolism, resulting in sodium storage in the body, excess sodium can increase the secretion of gastric juice, so the daily salt intake per person to 3 ~ 5g is appropriate.
Spicy and strong condiments should be limited, because these condiments such as chili, mustard, curry powder, broth, strong tea, coffee, chocolate, cola drinks and alcohol are strong stimulants of gastric acid secretion.
It is not advisable to consume large amounts of sugar.
8, avoid taking drugs that are irritating to the stomach and intestines
such as aspirin, pautazone, ibuprofen, anti-inflammatory pain, and prednisone.
9, it is recommended to quit smoking
Cigarettes contain nicotine, nicotine can stimulate the gastric mucosa, causing submucosal vasoconstriction and spasm, resulting in gastric mucosa ischemia and hypoxia, thus playing a role in the destruction of the gastric mucosa.
Nicotine also relaxes the pyloric sphincter and dysfunctional gastric motility, causing bile and duodenal fluid to flow back into the stomach. As the bile in the bile has a very damaging effect on the gastric mucosa, it can predispose to erosive gastritis, atrophic gastritis and ulcer disease.
Smoking increases gastric peristalsis, promotes gastric acid secretion, and the increase of gastric acid content can also have a damaging effect on the gastric mucosa, causing damage to the gastric mucosal barrier function and the occurrence of gastritis and ulcers and other lesions.
Smoking also affects the synthesis of prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa. Prostaglandins can make the gastric mucosa microcirculation vasodilate, improve gastric blood circulation, and play an important role in protecting the integrity of the gastric mucosa. Once prostaglandin synthesis is reduced, the protective factors of the gastric mucosa are also reduced, which will make the repair of the gastric mucosa more difficult.
According to statistics: 10 cigarettes a day, 20-30% of people can suffer from gastritis, 20 cigarettes a day, 40% of people can suffer from gastritis. According to a survey of the domestic smoking population, the incidence of gastric cancer in the smoking population is 19,3 per 10,000, in the non-smoking population is 4,3 per 10,000, compared to the two, the increase is very obvious.
10. Supply the right amount of dietary fiber.
Ulcer patients in the diet to reduce dietary fiber, easy to produce constipation, so you can often eat bananas, honey, fruit juice, vegetable juice, jelly, etc., to play a laxative effect.
11, cooking methods.
Ulcer disease eat food must be chopped and cooked; can choose to steam, boil, blanch, soft burn, braise, stew and other cooking methods, should not use oil frying, deep-frying, stir-frying, smoking, pickling, vinegar stir-fry, cold and other methods of food processing. In order to avoid the food is not easy to digest, stay in the stomach for a longer time, increasing the burden on the stomach and intestines.
In general, for an acute attack of ulcer disease or just after bleeding has stopped, it is recommended to enter a liquid diet, 6~7 meals per day. Soy milk or rice soup is used 2 times a day. Others can be given as steamed egg custard, diluted lotus root powder, tofu brain, etc. Usually milk and soybean milk with 5% sucrose to prevent the increase of gastric acid secretion, and pay attention to the salty-sweet interval; and choose non-irritating and easily digestible fluid food; for those who have no gastrointestinal bleeding, light pain, relief of conscious symptoms, and still have a good appetite, they can enter thick fluid or soft and easily digestible semi-liquid, such as egg porridge, mashed meat and rotten noodles, etc. 6 meals per day, with 50g of main food per meal; additional meals can be milk, egg flower soup, etc. This period to very soft and easily digestible food is the main, and pay attention to the appropriate increase in nutrition, so as to avoid malnutrition, affecting the ulcer surface healing; forbidden to eat chopped vegetables and more food containing slag; for stable conditions, the conscious symptoms significantly reduced or basically disappeared, the diet is still based on soft and easily digestible semi-liquid, 6 meals per day, each meal does not exceed lOOg, can eat porridge, noodles, noodles, small wontons, small dumplings, steamed fish, soft roasted fish, blanching meatballs, etc. Soft-cooked fish, blanching meatballs, etc. For patients with stable disease and basic healing of ulcers and gradual recovery, soft and easily digestible food should be used as the main food, and the staple food should not be limited.