The total amount of cholesterol in the human body is 100-200 g. 2/3 is synthesized by the body and 1/3 comes from food. Cholesterol must be bound to lipoproteins to be transported to all parts of the body. LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to tissues throughout the body, and HDL returns cholesterol from all tissues to the liver for metabolism. Oxidized LDL cholesterol is an important factor in atherosclerosis; therefore, LDL cholesterol is called “bad cholesterol” and HDL cholesterol is called “good cholesterol” because of its anti-atherogenic effect. “good cholesterol”. The higher the “good cholesterol” the better, but the lower the “bad cholesterol” the better! Cholesterol has several physiological roles: maintaining cell membrane stability, synthesizing steroid hormones, regulating nutrient metabolism and immune function, maintaining normal stress response and sexual function, and being a source of bile acids and vitamin D. Low cholesterol concentrations can affect these functions. High cholesterol is related to high fat diet, obesity, low physical activity, mental stress, depression, and genetics; low cholesterol is related to long-term vegetarian diet, excessive weight loss, hyperthyroidism, abnormal liver function, and excessive exercise. The correct view of regulating blood lipids is to raise HDL cholesterol; lower triglycerides; and prevent oxidation of LDL cholesterol (it is oxidized LDL cholesterol that affects atherosclerosis. (High malondialdehyde detected in blood or urine indicates heavy lipid oxidation). Moderate amounts of wine, regular consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, regular exercise and antioxidants can prevent and control cholesterol abnormalities.