From the early twentieth century, when Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalytic therapy, which created a new field of clinical psychotherapy, hundreds of professional approaches to psychotherapy have been developed today. The three main orientations are psychoanalytic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and existential-humanistic therapy. This has led to the development of different schools and approaches. For reasons of space, this article can only briefly introduce several psychotherapeutic approaches commonly used in our department. Psychoanalytic therapy Psychoanalytic therapy is the beginning of psychotherapy and is a deep psychotherapeutic approach based on the psychoanalytic theory founded by Freud. The psychoanalyst and the client explore the deepest, subconscious psychological processes of the individual through the reenactment of the client’s growth and changes, discover how the subconscious mind influences the client’s current relationships, behavior patterns and psychological states, refine the client’s personality, and help the client better cope with the present and discover the possibility of a better future. Classical psychoanalytic therapy is conducted 3-6 times per week, and currently psychodynamic-oriented psychotherapy is generally taken 1-2 times per week, each time for 45-50 minutes. The treatment first establishes a therapeutic relationship through empathy; then generally allows the visitor to freely express inner thoughts or feelings through free association; links the visitor’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with the subconscious mind through empathy, allowing the subconscious mind to emerge at the conscious level; psychoanalysts also often help the visitor discover the repressed subconscious mind through dream interpretation techniques. Ultimately, visitors gain insight into their external behavior patterns, interpersonal relationships, and thought patterns in relation to the subconscious, and gradually improve their self-personality. Re-experience and reconstruct their core relationship patterns and experience new and happier relationship experiences within them. Cognitive-behavioral therapy Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a structured, short-course, present-oriented psychotherapeutic approach developed by Alan Baker in the 1960s. It is widely used in the areas of depression, anxiety, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorders and other psychological disorders, as well as personality disorders and psychosomatic disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapy believes that the interaction between cognition, emotion and behavior in the relationship between cognition is the mediator of emotion and behavior, and the poor relationship between the three leads to the occurrence of symptoms. Therefore, cognitive behavioral therapy believes that correction of the visitor’s dysfunctional thinking should be combined with correction of behavior in order to achieve therapeutic results. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is generally conducted once a week for 50 minutes. It is characterized by being intrinsically systematic, time-limited, structured, problem-oriented, emphasizes the present, and has a strong scientific approach. Therapy with a cognitive behavioral therapist usually has more detailed long-term goals, short-term goals, and treatment plans. Treatment often uses cognitive techniques such as Socratic questioning, arrow down, and pros and cons analysis; behavioral techniques such as behavioral experiments, role playing, activity planning, behavioral functional analysis, and exposure response prevention; and other techniques such as imagery, self-representation, and empty chair techniques. The goal is to change the negative cognitive patterns and poor behavioral patterns of the visitor through treatment in order to improve the visitor’s emotional feelings and physiological reactions. This leads to improvement of symptoms and clinical cure. Family therapy Family therapy is a psychotherapy method that is administered to the family. It coordinates the interpersonal relationships among family members, improves the psychological functioning of the family and promotes the psychological health of family members through verbal and non-verbal communication, role-playing, building family alliances, and achieving internal identity, using the interlocking effects of different personalities and behavioral patterns among family members. Couples therapy (also called marriage therapy) is a special model of family therapy. It is mainly used to solve family crisis, family members’ relationship tensions, children’s learning difficulties, children’s behavior disorders, marital smoke crisis, couples’ adjustment difficulties, psychosexual disorders, sexual perversions, etc. Music therapy Music therapy is an adjunctive treatment method that uses musical sounds and rhythms to treat patients with physical or psychological disorders. According to the specific psychological and physiological conditions, music appreciation, solo singing, choral singing, instrumental music, composition, dance and other forms can be selected appropriately. Physiologically speaking, music therapy is a kind of physical energy due to the frequency, rhythm and regular sound wave vibration of music, and the moderate physical energy will cause the harmonious resonance phenomenon of human tissue cells, which can make the cranial cavity, chest cavity or a certain tissue resonate, and this resonance phenomenon caused by sound waves will directly affect the human brain waves, heart rate and breathing frequency, thus improving the mental and physical health. Psychologically speaking it can be used through the medium of music, which can express emotions, as well as the consciousness of subconscious complexes. It is widely used for headaches, surgical pain, sleep disorders, psychosomatic disorders such as gastrointestinal phytodisorders, cardiovascular syndromes, hypertension, skin diseases, obstetrical and gynecological disorders, depression and anxiety, immune disorders, etc. Sandtray therapy is a symbolic psychotherapeutic method developed by Swiss psychologist Dora Kalfe, based on Jungian psychoanalysis and integrating the theory of object relations. In the atmosphere of “free and protected space” created, sand, water and sand tools are used in creative imagery to create and symbolize the psychotherapeutic model of sandplay. A series of various sand tray imagery reflects the communication and dialogue between the conscious and unconscious mind of the sand tray player, and the resulting healing process, physical and mental health development, and personality development and improvement. It is widely used in the fields of psychotherapy, psychoeducation, and human resource management. These include psychological diagnosis and comprehensive psychological assessment; relief of various psychological stresses, tensions and anxieties; professional treatment of various psychosomatic diseases; comprehensive psycho-educational techniques, maintenance of psychological health and personality development, cultivation of artistic expression and creativity, and improvement of quality of life; and growth and refinement of personality with the goal of self-naturedness. Hypnotherapy Hypnotherapy is a psychotherapeutic method of treating mental or physical illnesses by inducing a person into a special state of consciousness through verbal or behavioral suggestion and integrating the doctor’s words or actions into the patient’s thinking and emotions. The degree of hypnosis is generally classified as light hypnosis, moderate hypnosis and deep hypnosis. Only light hypnosis is generally used in psychotherapy. It is widely used in depression, dysthymia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobia, various psychosomatic disorders, sexual dysfunction, migraine, insomnia, alcohol withdrawal, smoking cessation, cancer pain, etc. However, deep hypnosis is required for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia and painless delivery. Drawing therapy Drawing therapy, one of the methods of psychological art therapy, also belongs to a symbolic psychotherapy method, which allows patients to present their repressed emotions and conflicts within the subconscious mind through the creative process of drawing, using non-verbal tools, and to gain catharsis and satisfaction in the process of drawing, so as to achieve the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. It is widely used in psychological diagnosis, parent-child relationship, marital relationship, interpersonal communication, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, various psychosomatic disorders, schizophrenia rehabilitation, etc. Biofeedback therapy Biofeedback therapy is a new type of psychotherapy technology method developed on the basis of behavioral therapy. Using modern physiological scientific instruments such as electromyographic feedback apparatus, skin humidity feedback apparatus, electrodermal feedback apparatus, electroencephalographic feedback apparatus and pulse feedback apparatus, through the feedback of physiological or pathological information in the human body itself, the patient, after special training, carries out conscious “intention” control and psychological training, placing normal unconscious physiological activities under Through biofeedback training, new behavioral patterns are established to achieve conscious control of visceral activities and glandular secretion to regulate their own somatic functions at will, thus eliminating pathological processes and restoring physical and mental health. It is often used for psychological or physical disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, hypertension, etc.