Gallbladder stones combined with common bile duct stones are common surgical diseases, which are accurately diagnosed by using imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT, MRI or MRCP. According to the specific conditions of the patients, the following three treatment methods have been adopted to effectively treat gallbladder stones combined with common bile duct stones with excellent results: (1) laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct extraction (LC+LCBDE); (2) open cholecystectomy and common bile duct extraction (OC+OCBDE); (3) laparoscopic cholecystectomy with transduodenoscopic Oddi (3) laparoscopic cholecystectomy with transduodenoscopic Oddi sphincter extraction (LC+ERCP+EST). Which of the above treatment options is the best? It is necessary to apply the theory of evidence-based medicine and consider the patient’s condition, the doctor’s own technical level, the hospital’s equipment and facilities, and the current scientific basis to choose the most suitable treatment plan for the patient, which is the most optimal treatment method and can achieve the most ideal treatment effect. Diagnostic measures: For patients with clinically suspected gallbladder stones combined with common bile duct stones, it is not necessary to take other diagnostic imaging measures if the diagnosis can be confirmed by ultrasound examination. If the diagnosis of common bile duct stones cannot be confirmed by ultrasound, the doctor should choose CT or MRI of the upper abdomen or, if necessary, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) to confirm the diagnosis according to the patient’s condition and economic situation. Treatment options: (1) For gallbladder stones complicated with secondary stones in the common bile duct, common bile duct diameter >1.0 cm, single or several stones in the common bile duct and common bile duct stones <1.5 cm, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct excision and extraction (LC+LCBDE) is the best choice. (2) For gallbladder stones with secondary stones in the common bile duct, common bile duct diameter <1.0 cm, multiple common bile duct stones and common bile duct stones >1.5 cm, and those who can tolerate surgery, open abdominal cholecystectomy and common bile duct extraction (OC+OCBDE) is the best choice, which can completely cure the disease without destroying the function of the lower bile duct sphincter of Oddi and avoiding the occurrence of postoperative reflux cholangitis. It is not the best choice. (3) For patients who are difficult to tolerate open cholecystectomy and common bile duct extraction, and who are not suitable for laparoscopic common bile duct extraction and have small diameter of common bile duct stones, laparoscopic cholecystectomy with transduodenoscopic Oddi sphincter extraction (LC+ERCP+EST) can be performed. (4) Patients who firmly require minimally invasive treatment and are not suitable for laparoscopic choledochotomy for stone extraction can choose LC+ERCP+EST when possible. For high-grade patients for whom none of the above three treatment options are applicable, symptomatic treatment and various biliary drainage, such as percutaneous percutaneous hepatic choledochal drainage (PTCD), transnasal biliary drainage ( ENBD). After the patient’s general condition improves, the above treatments will be administered according to different conditions.