Disease:HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (hepatitis B major triplet) Patient description and treatment expectation: Description: Female, 28 years old, family history, father had liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, later developed into liver cancer and underwent surgery, but his condition was still not under control. She was found to be a hepatitis B virus carrier many years ago, but her condition has been relatively stable and her liver function was not abnormal. 5 years ago, her liver function was found to be abnormal and she came to our hospital for examination. Expectation of treatment: It was very painful to see the consequences of liver cancer caused by my father’s missed treatment, so I hope I can be completely cured and not follow my father’s footsteps. Diagnosis: HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B History: Hepatitis B infection for many years, liver function has always been normal, not yet treated with medication, and not given much attention. At the beginning of May 2009, he was investigated locally for abnormal liver function, positive for e antigen and DNA of hepatitis B virus, and after excluding contraindications to medication, antiviral treatment with “Pyroxin 180μg” was recommended. Laboratory findings at the time of consultation: Virology: HBV-DNA 1.325×106copies/ml; Serology: HBsAg(+), HBsAb(-), HBeAg(+), HBeAb(-), HBcAb(+); Biochemistry: ALT 183 IU/L, AST 161 IU/L, TBil 18.2μmol/L. Treatment course: The patient was very young with no previous history of antiviral therapy, high baseline ALT level and low HBV DNA level, suggesting an active immune response, and a high rate of sustained response with pegylated interferon-2a therapy at this time. After the administration of pegylated interferon-2a, HBV DNA turned negative in 10 weeks and liver function was normal; after one year of treatment, serological indexes were checked and both HBeAg and HBsAg turned negative and HBsAb appeared, and the treatment was extended for 3 months to consolidate the efficacy, and the indexes were stable on review and HBsAb titers further increased. After discontinuation of the drug, the follow-up period was 1 year, and the indicators were stable, and the serological conversion of HBeAg and HBsAg was always maintained. In the early stage of treatment, the patient showed fever and limb soreness, and in the middle and late stage of treatment, the patient showed fatigue and decreased white blood cells, which was taken with the adjuvant therapy of Chinese medicine to reduce the side effects of interferon. In the middle and late stages of treatment, the patient showed fatigue and decreased white blood cells. There were no other abnormalities that affected the treatment. Expert summary: For young patients with no history of antiviral treatment, interferon therapy is preferred, especially with long-acting interferon therapy, which can improve patients’ chances of clinical cure. A significant decrease in HBsAg quantification at 24 weeks of PEG-IFN treatment predicts durable immune control with PEG-IFN, with the prospect of HBsAg conversion and a higher rate of durable HBeAg serological conversion after drug discontinuation. Patients with HBsAg conversion after treatment and the presence of HBsAb but not high titers may be encouraged to further improve their HBsAb titers by appropriately extending treatment to consolidate the efficacy. During interferon treatment, patients often show fever, limb aches, and lowered white blood cells, etc. Taking adjuvant treatment with Chinese herbal medicine to reduce the side effects of interferon can also improve the antiviral treatment effect.