The mechanism of action of α-interferon is to stimulate the body to produce antiviral proteins, degrade viral mRNA, inhibit the synthesis of hepatitis B virus, and also enhance the activity of NK cells and CTL cells, and enhance the synthesis of HLA-I antigen in infected cell membranes to facilitate the recognition and binding of NK and CTL cells to infected cells and cause the lysis of infected cells to remove HBV from the surface of liver cells. Therefore, the efficacy of α-interferon is closely related to the immune status of the body and the replication status of the virus. First, the best target of alpha-interferon treatment is patients with active viral replication and inflammatory activity, i.e. HBVDNA-positive patients (here mainly refers to HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. The treatment of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B is discussed below), the liver function status can indirectly reflect the immune activity of the body, under the premise of excluding factors such as alcohol and drugs. The higher the serum ALT level indicates the stronger the immune response of the body and the better the therapeutic effect. A large number of clinical practices have proved that the serum ALT level should be at least 2-2.5 times greater than the upper limit of normal when starting interferon therapy, preferably more than 5 times, and the highest should not exceed 10-12 times, and the higher the ALT within this range the better the therapeutic effect. The higher the ALT within this range, the better the efficacy. In addition, the patient’s age (young), gender (female), status at the time of infection (adult infection), HBVDNA load (the lower the baseline viral load); the length of disease; the degree of liver fibrosis (milder); compliance with treatment; the presence of HCV, HDV or HIV co-infection are all important factors, of which the pre-treatment HBV DNA and ALT levels are the main factors in predicting the efficacy. The pre-treatment HBV DNA and ALT levels are the main factors in predicting the efficacy. In addition, the presence of contraindications (patients who are allergic to interferon, those with significant jaundice TBIL>51μmmol/L, patients with cirrhosis, especially decompensated cirrhosis, combined with various autoimmune diseases, active diabetes and patients with a family history of psychiatric disorders should be prohibited or used with caution) and the general condition of the patient (such as patients with severe gastrointestinal symptoms, even if they meet the above conditions should be used with caution) should be taken into account. All of these factors should be taken into consideration. Only by combining the above factors and analyzing the specific problems can we achieve the targeted and satisfactory results.