After years of education, “the key to the treatment of chronic hepatitis B is antivirals” has become a generally accepted concept of treatment. Most patients with hepatitis B are aware that they should receive antiviral therapy during the immune clearance period, but they have various concerns when choosing their medications. Those who have chosen nucleoside (acid) analogs are envious of other patients who can stop taking them, while those who have chosen long-acting interferons are concerned about adverse effects. Long-acting interferons and nucleoside (acid) analogs. Both drugs are effective antiviral drugs that have been tested by adequate scientific research. Both have their own characteristics of efficacy and safety, and the key to choosing one for patients with chronic hepatitis B is to fit their treatment needs and condition. Long-acting interferons are usually characterized by a fixed course of treatment and a better chance of achieving e antigen conversion and surface antigen clearance. Long-acting interferon is an appropriate choice for patients who are not quite ready for long-term treatment and expect to stop the drug after a period of treatment. Even some foreign guidelines, such as the NICE guidelines, believe that every patient with chronic hepatitis B should choose long-acting interferon at the time of initial treatment, which has the advantage of allowing each patient to fight for the opportunity to discontinue the drug. However, these drugs are injectable treatments and can have local and systemic adverse effects, especially as the cost of treatment is relatively high, and the choice is made on a case-by-case basis. Our experts have more flexible recommendations on this, as the results of clinical studies suggest that patients with higher levels of transaminases and lower virology levels before treatment are better treated with long-acting interferon alpha-2a, with an e antigen conversion rate of more than 60% at 24 weeks after 48 weeks of treatment discontinuation, therefore, for these patients experts generally recommend that long-acting interferon treatment should be preferred. Nucleoside (acid) analogs, although the e antigen conversion rate and surface antigen clearance rate is lower, but can effectively inhibit HBV DNA replication in most patients, long-term treatment can also achieve effective control of the disease, and the overall safety of these drugs is good, suitable for the majority of patients to take. Its disadvantage is that it requires long-term or even lifelong medication, and once the drug is discontinued it is easy to relapse, or even rapid progression of the disease. Therefore, nucleoside (acid) analogs are more suitable for patients who are older or who are willing to undergo long-term treatment. However, it should be noted that another problem with nucleoside (acid) analogs is that they are prone to drug resistance. Try to choose drugs with good antiviral efficacy and low resistance rate, such as entecavir and tenofovir are the current treatment recommendations. In addition, although the daily cost of nucleoside (acid) analogs is low, it is not a small expense in the long run, so it is important to make long-term plans when choosing. Choice is a momentary judgment; treatment is a matter of persistence. Regardless of the treatment option chosen, it is important to follow medical advice and standardize treatment in order to achieve the desired outcome.